CVR 19

Question 1

Describe the structure of the artery?

Answer 1

Tuna intima which is the innermost layer.

Tuna media which is mainly smooth muscle and is the part that is contractile.

Tuna adventitia which is mostly connective tissue.

Question 2

What is the significance of arterioles?

Answer 2

After arteries, form the arterioles which have sphincters that act as control valves.

Question 3

Bloodflow is regulated via the _____ which is a form of autoregulation called the ____ and uses reactive and active hyperaemia.

Answer 3

Intrinsic local control

Myogenic hpothesis

Question 4

In the extrinsic regulation of peripheral blood flow the ____ receptor of the ___ NS causes vasocontricion. However in the _____ pathway ___ causes NO dependent vasodilation?

Answer 4

alpha receptor of the sympathetic.

Parasympathetic Ach

Question 5

What is the average rate that the wave in an arterial pulse can be felt?

Answer 5

7m/sec

Question 6

Arterial blood pressure is _____ in type and has a peak pressure during ____. which in a healthy young adult averages ____ in systemic and ___ in pulmonary.

Answer 6

pulsatile
Systolic
120
25

Question 7

How do you find the mean systemic arterial pressure?

Answer 7

diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 8

What are the main determinants of systolic and diastolic pressure?

Answer 8

Systolic - CO - preload (venous return) heart rate, contracility, afterload.

Diastolic - resistance to flow

Question 9

The most immediate important control mechanism in controlling BP over time is the ____ because it determines both ____ and ____.

Over a long period however is ____ and ____ homeostasis.

Answer 9

baroreceptor reflex
CO and PR
renal regulation
sodium and water

Question 10

Where are the baroreceptor?

Answer 10

Adventitia of large vessels and media of smaller ones. Afferents discharge when BP and pule increase.

Question 11

Baroreceptor nerve terminals in the walls of the ____ sinus and the ____ arch respond to vascular stretch from BP. Increased frequency is enhanced by ____ in BP.

Answer 11

carotid
aortic.
increase

Question 12

Nerves ____ and ____ integrate in the medulla. Stimulation of the NTS inhibits ____ outflow to the peripheral BVs.
Lesions of the NTS produce _____.

Answer 12

9 and 10
sympathetic
vasoconstriction

Question 13

Ultimately what wil decrease in MAP do to SNS and PNS?

Answer 13

SNS - increase

PNS - decrease

Question 14

Baroreflex triggers occur from a _____ in venous return?

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

What affect does decreasing systemic BP cause baroreceptors to have on systolic and diastolic?

Answer 15

Systolic - increase
Diastolic increased

Whereas incraesing causes decreased systolic and decreased diastolic

Question 16

Name the Korotokoff sounds?

Answer 16

1 = tapping snapping which is the systolic around 120 (a small spurt of blood escapes.

2 = soft swishing sound louder

3 = louder large crisp sound which is more blood escaping.

4 = blowing sound muffled which is approaching diastolic BP.

5 = No sound meaning diastoic BP around 80.