CVR 31 Pulmonary pharmacology 2

Question 1

In the management of an acute asthma attack begins with inhaled _____ as required, with single _____ for severe.
In Aand E a nebulised _____ with IV _______.
If life threatening use _____ iV with IV ______ and possible ________.

Answer 1

Beta 2 agonist
nebuliser
Beta 2
prednisalone
magnesium sulphate
salbuatmol
intubation

Question 2

Symtpoms of COPD

Answer 2

dyspnoea, cough, sputum, chest infections, emphysema.

Question 3

Chronic bronchititis is decreased _____, ______, and ____ mucus.

Answer 3

luminal diameter
wall thickening
intraluminal

Question 4

Emphysema is enlargment of______ distal to bronchioles. _____ destuction and loss of ______.

Answer 4

airways
acinar
lung recoil

Question 5

Differences between stage 3 and 4 COPD

Answer 5

30-50% stage 3 with severe restraint of respiration

Lower than 30% very severe and risky .

Question 6

Anti trypsin dificiency is an ______ disordery of the ______ gene on chromosome ___. The alpha 1 antitrypsin is a _____ inhibitor which is important for _______ neutrophil elastase and fights against ______. PAtients are also at risk of ______.

Answer 6

autosomal dominant
serpina1
14
serine protease 
inactivating neutrophil elastase
elastolytic burden
liver disorders and skin disease and vasculitis.

Question 7

What are some standard COPD treatments

Answer 7

augmentation - pooled anti 1 alpha
gene therapy
hepaptic secretion
inhibit elastase neutrophils

Question 8

Differences in type 1 and type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 8

type 1 is mismatched perfusion with 02 low and c02 low or normal from asthma or PE. high 02 Tx
Type 2 is hypoventilation with 02 low and co2 high from COPD. Low 02 tx

Question 9

How do antitussives work

Answer 9

centrally, opiods increase threshold in medulla cough centre.

Question 10

Codiene is a good suppressant but poor with _______.

Dextramethorphan does not cause _____ and ______ mucocillary clearance. Peripherallly acting ______ to cough receptords

Answer 10

mucocilliary clearance
addiction
lowers.
reduce sensitivity

Question 11

Expectorants increase fluidity of secretions by ______ and causing ______ of _____. Examples are ____ ,_____ ._____.

Answer 11

irritating gastric mucosa
reflex stimulation
goblet cells
iodide
guaicols
creosotes

Question 12

________ break disulpide cross linking and reduce bronchial _______. Example.

Answer 12

mucolytics

carbocysteine

Question 13

What is teh only mucolytic agent with proven benefit

Answer 13

Dornase alpha breaks down DNA tangles in mucus for CF.