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Microbiology Lecture Slides > Gram Negative Rods II > Flashcards

Gram Negative Rods II Flashcards

1
Q

Yersinia grow at

A

4 degrees celcius

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2
Q

Penetrate intestine via M cells and multiply inside phagocytic vacuole, spread throughout body

A

Typhoidal Salmonella

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3
Q

Typhoidal Salmonella does not cause

A

Macrophage apoptosis

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4
Q

The capsule of Typhoidal Salmonella is the

A

Virulence antigen

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5
Q

Can establish chronic carrier state in gall bladder [scars, stones pre-dispose]

A

Typhoidal Salmonella

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6
Q

The gallbladder carrier can then shed Salmonella for years and

A

Infect others

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7
Q

Urinary Tract Infections [UTI], Septicemia and Meningitis, Nosocomial [Hospital-Acquired] Infections, and Opportunistic Infections are all examples of

A

Extra-intestinal infections

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8
Q

Causes >80% of uncomplicated UTIs

A

E. coli

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9
Q

Urinary tract infections can lead to infection of the bladder, which is called

A

Cystitis

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10
Q

P-fimbrae –bacteria adhere to UT epithelium and can cause

A

Pyelonephritis

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11
Q

What are the three characteristic symptoms of UTIs?

A

Urgency, Frequency, and Dysuria

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12
Q

Causes neonatal infections of sepsis and meningitis

A

E. coli K1

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13
Q

Adhere to endothelium, choroid plexus

A

S fimbrae

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14
Q

Polymer of sialic acid

-not immunogenic and resembles the host

A

K1 capsule

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15
Q

The K1 capsule does not activate

A

Compliment

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16
Q

Patients rapidly colonized by hospital flora

-More frequently antibiotic-resistant than community-acquired isolates

A

Nosocomial Infections

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17
Q

What are three nonsocomial pathogens?

A

Enterobacter spp, Klebsiella spp, Serratia

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18
Q

Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms (ESBL, carbapenemases, etc)

A

Enterobacter spp.

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19
Q

Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms (ESBL, carbapenemases, etc)

A

Klebsiella spp.

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20
Q

Highly encapsulated organisms that can cause necrotizing pneumonia

A

Klebsiella spp.

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21
Q

Have a bloody “currant jelly” sputum

A

Klebsiella spp.

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22
Q

Colonies with red pigment, often multi-drug resistant

A

Serratia

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23
Q

Haemophilus, Bordetella, and Legionella are all

A

Respiratory pathogens

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24
Q

Brucella, pasteurella, francisella, and yersinia are all

A

Zoonotic bacteria

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25
Q

An opportunistic Gram negative Rod is

A

Pseudomonas aeruignosa

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26
Q

Haemophilus influenzae has special growth requirements and requires

A

NAD and hemin, and chocolate agar

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27
Q

Slender, pleiomorphic Gram negative rods

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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28
Q

Only colonizes/infects humans

-Common in upper respiratory tract (unencapsulated)

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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29
Q

What are the three virulence factors for Haemophilus influenzae

A

Capsule, IgA protease, and Iron acquisition mechanisms

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30
Q

Type b was most frequently encountered until the introduction of the “Hib” conjugate vaccine

A

Haemophilus influenzae capsule

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31
Q

In individuals, bacteria may spread locally from URT to middle ear, sinuses and lungs

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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32
Q

Haemophilus influenzae can result in a life threatening

A

URT infection (epiglottis)

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33
Q

Given to all children beginning at 2 mos of age

A

Hib conjugate vaccine

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34
Q

25% of H. influenzae produce

-as a result are resistant to ampicillin

A

B-lactamase

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35
Q

Essentially all isolates of Haemophilus influenzae

are susceptible to

A

3rd generation cephalosporins

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36
Q

Has a school of fish Gram stain morphology

  • Chancroid
  • Affects penis
A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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37
Q

Only colonizes/infects humans

-Survives for only short periods in the environment

A

Bordetella pertussis

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38
Q

Seen as small colonies on blood agar

A

Bordetella pertussis

39
Q

The best diagnostic method for Bordetella pertussis is

A

NAAT

40
Q

Highly infectious, cold like prodrome, followed by period of paroxysms of coughing

A

Pertussis

41
Q

The pertussis cough is also called the

A

Whooping cough

42
Q

Spread by the respiratory route and has a 2 week incubation period

A

Pertussis

43
Q

Bordetella pertussis Virulence factors are

A

Adhesins and Toxins

44
Q

Promote attachment and prevent clearance by phagocytes

A

Bordatella pertussis Adhesins

45
Q

Binds integrins on ciliated epithelial cells

A

Filamentous Hemagglutinin

46
Q

Give Bordatella pertussis resistance to complement

A

BrkA protein

47
Q

What are the three Bordatella pertussis toxins?

A

Tracheal toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, and pertussis toxin

48
Q

Stimulates IL-1 mediated killing of ciliated epithelial cells

A

Tracheal cytotoxin

49
Q

Inhibits phagocyte function

A

Adenylate cyclase toxin

50
Q

Has system effects such as lymphocytosis, sensitization to histamine and enhanced insulin secretion

A

Pertussis toxin

51
Q

Due to concerns about reactogenicity, an acellular vaccine is currently used for

A

Bordatella pertussis (DTaP vaccine)

52
Q

The aP component was rationally designed to include parts of proteins considered to be

A

Virulence factors

53
Q

Causes respiratory infection in humans but unlike Haemophilus and Bordetella it is acquired from an environmental source

A

L. pneumophila

54
Q

Serology later revealed a milder form of legionella pneumophila termed

A

Pontiac Fever

55
Q

What are the growth requirements for Legionella pneumophila?

A

Highly fastidious and BCYE agar

56
Q

Slender Gram negative rod

-Hard to see in stained sputum smears

A

Legionella pneumophila

57
Q

We use a direct fluorescent antibody stain to test for

A

Legionella pneumophila

58
Q

Helpful for Serotype 1 infection of Legionella pneumophila

A

Urine Ag test

59
Q

Heavily colonizes warm bodies of water in the environment as well as potable sources

A

Legionella pneumophila

60
Q

Legionella pneumophila multiplies in

A

Protozoan (amoebae) host and in macrophages

61
Q

Legionella pneumophila multiplication in macrophages actively blocks

A

Phgosome/lysosome function

62
Q

Usual source of exposure is aerosal from water supply

A

Legionella pneumophila

63
Q

What is required to control growth of Legionella pneumophila?

A

Hyperchlorination and high heat

64
Q

Pathogens transmitted from animals directly or by insect vector

A

Zoonoses

65
Q

Small Gram-negative rods or coccobacilli

A

Zoonotic bacteria

66
Q

Little or no human to human transmission

A

Zoonotic bacteria

67
Q

Zoonotic bacteria multiply in

A

Phgocytes

68
Q

Small Gram-negative coccobacillus

-Source: Livestock, unpasteurized dairy

A

Brucella spp.

69
Q

Poses a significant threat to laboratory workers

-Can cause systemic febrile illness

A

Brucella spp.

70
Q

Small Gram-negative coccobacillus

-Normal oral flora of domestic animals (cats and dogs)

A

Pasteurella multocida

71
Q

In rabbits, Pasteurella multocida causes the

A

Snuffles

72
Q

Pasteurella multocida infection is associated with

A

Animal bites

73
Q

Rapidly progressive soft tissue infection

A

Pasteurella multocida

74
Q

Small Gram-negative coccobacillus

-Transmission from wild animals, especially rabbits, by direct contact or via an insect vector

A

Francisella tularensis

75
Q

Highly infectious organism with low infectious dose required (~3 organisms)

A

Francisella tularensis

76
Q

Most labs lack facilities for culture, diagnosis based on serology or NAAT at special labs

A

Francisella tularensis

77
Q

What are the 4 points of entry for Francisella tularensis disease?

A

Ulceroglandular, oculoglandular, oral or pharyngeal, respiratory infection

78
Q

Ulcer at site of inoculation

–Lymphadenopathy
–Most common

A

Ulceroglandular entry

79
Q

Eye is site of inoculation

–Lymphadenopathy

A

Oculoglandular entry

80
Q

The cause of the bubonic plague

-Transmitted from rodents to human by flea bite

A

Yersinia pestis

81
Q

Enter human host through flea bite wound

A

Yersinia pestis

82
Q

Multiplies in lymph nodes which become enlarged (buboes)

A

Yersinia pestis

83
Q

After it infects the lymph nodes, the Yersinia pestis bacteria is then spread to the

A

Blood, lung, and meninges

84
Q

Lung involvement can lead to human to human transmission, This is then classified as the

A

Pneumonic plague

85
Q

Diagnosis made by NAAT and/or culture in specially equipped laboratory

-Grows on a variety of media

A

Yersinia pestis

86
Q

An opportunistic pathogen that is ubiquitous in the environment

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

87
Q

Has multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

88
Q

Gram-negative rod, polar flagella

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

89
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

creates no acids from sugars on test media. This it is an

A

Obligate oxidizer

90
Q

Many Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates produce

A

Siderophores (pyoverdin)

91
Q

Community acquired infections in immunocompetent people

A

P. aeruginosa Disease

92
Q

Also results in nosocomial infections and cystic fibrosis

A

P. aeruginosa Disease

93
Q

Burkholderia spp. Stenotrophamonas maltophila, and Acinetobacte are other examples of

A

Gram negative Rods

Microbiology Lecture Slides (24 decks)

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