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Microbiology Lecture Slides > Infection Control In Healthcare Workers > Flashcards

Infection Control In Healthcare Workers Flashcards

1
Q

What are three major blood borne infections transmitted through percutaneous injuries

A

Hep B and C, and HIV

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2
Q

Reduce risk of exposing uninfected persons to infectious disease

A

Administrative controls

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3
Q

Prevents diseases transmitted by minute droplet nuclei or contaminated dust particles: includes TB, measles, chickenpox, particles remain in air need private room with door closed

A

Airborne Isolation

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4
Q

What percentage of TB is removed from a room 35 minutes after an infected patient leaves?

A

90%

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5
Q

What percentage of TB is removed from a room 104 minutes after an infected patient leaves?

A

99.9%

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6
Q

Provides better protection than other types and can be used in high risk settings

A

Powed Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)

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7
Q

More comfortable and easier to use because of supplied air

A

PAPR

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8
Q

What is the two step testing method for TB?

A

If first test positive, consider the person infected

If first test negative, give second test 1-3 weeks later

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9
Q

Will not protect against becoming infected with TB

A

BCG

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10
Q

Protects against severe complications of TB disease in young children, but provides little or no protection in adolescents and adults

A

BCG

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11
Q

What is more sensitive, IGRA or TST?

A

TST

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12
Q

Which test is more specific, IGRA or TST?

A

IGRA

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13
Q

Not an ideal biomarker, as it doesn’t differentiate latent TB from an active infection

A

IGRA

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14
Q

Has been the mainstay of treatment for LTBI in the United States for more than 30 years

A

Isoniazid for 6-12 months

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15
Q

The application of isoniazid for LTBI has been limited because of poor adherence due to the relatively long duration of treatment required and because of concerns about

A

Toxicity

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16
Q

Has an incubation 2-10 days

-Presents with Fever, chills, rigors, headache, malaise, sometimes diarrhea

A

SARS

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17
Q

Lower respiratory tract involvement

A

SARS

18
Q

The peak viral load from SARS in sputum is at about day

A

10 of symptoms

19
Q

What is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis?

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

20
Q

Transmitted by direct contact with respiratory droplets

-Case fatality rate is 10-14%

A

Meningococcal Disease

21
Q

Give to everyone exposed to the case during the 10 days before onset of sx or while case is symptomatic but has not yet started antibiotics

A

Meningitis Prophylaxis

22
Q

Which prophylactics can be given to adults or children?

A

Rifampin and Ceftriazone

23
Q

Which prophylactic can be given to Adults only

A

Cipro

24
Q

Rates of illness are highest in children but rates of serious illness and death are highest in those aged ≥65 or those with chronic medical conditions

A

Influenza

25
Q

Has subtypes based upon surface antigens hemagglutin (H) and neurominidase(N)

A

Influenza A

26
Q

Undergoes antigenic drift less rapidly than A, but both can mutate and cause serious illness

A

Influenza B

27
Q

Abrupt onset (Incubation 1-3 days)constitutional and resp sx (headaches), malaise, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, muscle aches, and diarrhe

A

Influenza

28
Q

Adults infectious from the day before symptoms through 5 days after, children infectious for at least 10 days

A

Influenza

29
Q

CDC recommends that all persons 6 months or older should receive the

A

Influenza vaccine

30
Q

Administer 2 doses at least 4 weeks apart for children ages 6 months through 8 years only if they never received a vaccine

A

Influenza vaccine

31
Q

A high dose vaccine is available for patients over the age of 65

A

Fluzone

32
Q

Only effective against Influenza A

-May be used for chemoprophylaxis

A

Amantadine and Rimantadine

33
Q

Shown by RCT to be effective in treating Influenza A and B infections

A

Zanamivir and Oseltamivir

34
Q

The bird flu is a form of

A

Influenza A

35
Q

How effective is the mumps vaccine?

A

88%

36
Q

Common in dentists and anesthesiologists

A

Herpetic Whitlow

37
Q

Found in glove boxes in rooms where patients who were culture positive even after patient discharged

A

Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus (MRSA)

38
Q

Can grow on unwashed hands of medical personnel for over 1 hour

A

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE)

39
Q

Transmitted by blood or body fluids and close personal contact. Also by infected animals

A

EBOLA

40
Q

Harbors high concentrations of coag neg staph, gram neg rods (including pseudomonas) cornybacterium yeasts

A

Subungual areas of hand

Microbiology Lecture Slides (24 decks)

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