uworld1

Question 1

pulsus paradoxus defined as

Answer 1

systolic BP>10 during inspiration

Question 2

causes of pulsus paradoxus

Answer 2

cardiac tamponade

others: severe asthma, COPD

Question 3

most common cause of papillary necrosis

Answer 3

analgesic overuse

Question 4

aut dom polycystic kidney disease sxs

Answer 4

flank pain
hematuria
UTIs
nephrolithiasis

Question 5

hepatic hydrothorax is caused how

Answer 5

patients who have small defects in diaphragm

when they get cirrhosis, portal HTN –> peritoneal fluid leaks through defects and causes pleural effusions

Question 6

common meds to cause hyperkalemia

Answer 6

B blockers
K sparing diuretics
ACEI/ARBs
NSAIDs

Question 7

unconjugated bili or conjugated bili is soluble and can end up in urine?

Answer 7

conjugated

Question 8

which deficiency? pustular rash, loss of taste, alopecia

Answer 8

zinc

Question 9

which deficiency? thyroid dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, immune dysfunction

Answer 9

selenium

Question 10

muddy brown casts

Answer 10

ATN

Question 11

broad casts

Answer 11

chronic renal failure

Question 12

waxy casts

Answer 12

chronic renal failure

Question 13

fatty casts

Answer 13

nephrotic syndrome

Question 14

which murmur: extertional SOB, dry cough, holosystolic murmur, fatigue

Answer 14

mitral regurgitation

Question 15

tests to support lactose intolerance

Answer 15

positive hydrogen test
positive stool test for reducing substances
low stool pH
increased stool osmotic gap

Question 16

pathophys of hepatorenal syndrome

Answer 16

cirrhosis–> splanchnic arterial dilation –> activates R-A-A –> renal vasoconstriction –> decreased GFR

Question 17

____ disease is common cause of Addison’s disease in developing countries

Answer 17

TB

Question 18

Addison’s disease causes metabolic acidosis or alkalosis? and what to Na and K?

Answer 18

non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

hyperkalemic
hyponatremic

(think no aldosterone–> not reabsorbing Na)