pearls

Question 1

osteomyelitis needs a minimum of how long of abx

Answer 1

6 weeks

Question 2

afib causes

Answer 2

volume overload
hypoxia
HTn
sepsis
hyperthyroidism

Question 3

IVC filters only good for how long

Answer 3

1st 6 months

Question 4

bacteria common in CAP (typicals vs atypicals)

Answer 4

typicals: #1 strep pneumo, hemophilus influenza, moraxella
atypicals: chlamydia, legionella, mycoplasma

Question 5

treat CAP empirically

Answer 5

quinolone

azithro + ceftriaxone

Question 6

quinolones- which ones good for lung and which is good for treating kidneys

Answer 6

lung: levi, mox
kidney: levi, cipro

Question 7

AKI criteria

Answer 7

increase in Cr>0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours

increase in Cr>1.5x baseline within 7 days

urine vol<0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hrs

Question 8

differences in enoxparin vs heparin in DVT ppx inpatient

Answer 8

equally as effective

enox: q24 hr, cant have AKI
heparin: q12, can have AKI

Question 9

indications for emergent dialysis

Answer 9

A-acidemia (lactic acidosis)

E-electrolytes (hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia)

I-intoxicant (ethylene glycol, methanol, tylenol)

O-overload (pulm edema, cant use lasix)

U- uremia (BUN rate of rise increases)

Question 10

which types of fluid to use for volume repletion (losing intravascular volume)

Answer 10

NS

Lactated ringers

Question 11

side effect of normal saline

Answer 11

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 12

theoretical risks of using normal saline in hemorrhagic or septic shock

Answer 12

hemorrhagic shock: acidosis–>platelets cant bind in acidic env–> hemorrhage worsens

sepsis–> lactic acidosis - NS worsens acidemia

Question 13

contraindicatio to lactated ringers

Answer 13

ESRD

Question 14

fluids for maintenence IVF

Answer 14

0.45 NS +/- D5

O,25 NS +/- D5

Question 15

when do you use maintenance fluids

Answer 15

cant intake oral fluids, NPO for >1 day

maintain daily volume

Question 16

when do you give D5?

Answer 16

only when you have to- calories!

give when DKA-insulin drip transition, hypoglycemic patient

Question 17

which fluids to give when you want to give free water in dehydrated state

Answer 17

PO water

D5W IV

Question 18

dont correct sodium> how much per hr

Answer 18

> 0.25 mEq/Dl/hr

Question 19

rules for correcting free water deficit

Answer 19

DONT GIVE >8-10 mEq/DL/24 hrs

give back half their free water deficit, then check BMP in 12 hrs

Question 20

when do you give colloid fluids?

Answer 20

third spacing from liver failure