uworld8

Question 1

most common electrolyte abnormality in alcoholism

Answer 1

hypomagnesemia

Question 2

how does hypomagnesemia lead to refractory hypokalemia (hard to replace)?

Answer 2

Mg typically inhibits K secretion in collecting tubules

low Mg–> more K secreted

Question 3

how does TPN lead to gallstones?

Answer 3

gallbladder stasis- no stimulation in duodenum of CCK

Question 4

gallstones typically obstruct which duct?

Answer 4

cystic duct

Question 5

common causes of transudative pleural effusions

Answer 5

CHF
cirrhosis
nephrotic syn
PD

Question 6

common causes of exudative pleural effusions

Answer 6

connective tissue disorders
malignancy
infections
PE

Question 7

coarse facial features
carpal tunnel
uncontrolled hypertension
arthralgias

think…

Answer 7

acromegaly

Question 8

testing acromegaly

Answer 8

IGF-1 (constant throughout the day, unlike GH)

Question 9

symptoms of cirrhosis d/t portal HTN

Answer 9

esophageal/anorectal varices
splenomegaly
Ascites
caput medusae

Question 10

sxs of cirrhosis d/t hyperestrinism

Answer 10

spider angioma
palmar erythema
gynecomsatia
testicular atrophy

Question 11

why does cirrhosis lead to hyperestrinism?

Answer 11

impaired p450–> impaired metabolism of estrogen

Question 12

porphyria cutanea tarda

Answer 12

photosensitive skin with vesicles

commonly seen in Hep C

Question 13

cryoglubinemia syndrome

Answer 13

palpable purpura
arthralgias
glomerulonephritis
low complement levels

can be seen in hep C

Question 14

best test for acute diverticulities

Answer 14

abdominal CT

Question 15

how does anticholinergic activity cause urinary retention?

Answer 15

impaired detrusor contraction

Question 16

when should patients with graves use methimazole vs radioactive iodine?

Answer 16

meth: mild
radioactive: moderate-severe