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Medicine > uworld10 > Flashcards

uworld10 Flashcards

1
Q

someone with bleeding episode post-colon surgery. think…

A

vit K deficiency

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2
Q

initial treatment for symptomatic bradycardia

A

IV atropine

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3
Q

what treatments in atropine refractory isnur bradycardia?

A

IV epi or DA

or transcutaneous pacing

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4
Q

D-xylose test tests what disease

A

celiac dz- cant absorb d-xylose in intestines, and cant excrete it in urine

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5
Q

why does someone getting treated for a COPD exacerbation get a tonic clonic seizure?

A

supplemental O2 in COPD exacerbation can cause CO retention

–> goal is sp02 90-93

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6
Q

what causes soft S2?

A

aortic stenosis

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7
Q

recurrent pneumonia in same lung region, think…

A

local airway obstruction– malignancy (are they smoker?)

or recurrent aspiration

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8
Q

asbestoss restrictlive lung dz affects diffusion capacity

A

decreased diffusion capacity

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9
Q

D-dimer test has strong PPV or NPV in people with unlikely PT?

A

NPV- normal result excludes VTE

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10
Q

invasive aspergillosis on CT

A

pulmonary nodules with surrounding ground glass opacities (halo sign)

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11
Q

triad of invasive aspergillosis

A

fever
hemotypsis
pleuritic chest pain

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12
Q

management of invasive aspergillosis vs chronic aspergillosis

A

invasive: voriconazole +/- caspofungin
chronic: resect if possible, azole, embolization if hemoptysis

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13
Q

risk factors for invasive aspergillosis vs chronic aspergillosis

A

invasive: immunocompromised (neutropenia, steroids, HIV)
chronic: lung disease/damage- cavitary TB

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14
Q

how do filling pressures and size changes of the left atria and ventricle change with acute MR?

A

size is constant in acute MR (inc in chronic)

filling pressures increase in both ventricle and atria

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15
Q

equalization and elevation of intracardiac diastolic pressures (pressures in four chambers the same). think…

A

cardiac tamponade

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16
Q

what imaging to confirm cardiac tamponade dx?

A

echo

17
Q

febrile nonhemolytic blood transfusion rxn

A

most common

within 1-6 hrs

fever, chills

cytokine accumulation cause

18
Q

acute hemolytic transfusion rxn

A

within 1 hr

fever, flank pain, DIC, renal failure

pos direct coombs test–ABO incompatibility

19
Q

delayed hemolytic rxn

A

2-10 days

mild fever, hemolytic anemia

pos direct coombs- anamnestic antibody response

20
Q

anaphylactic trafsusion response

A

few sec-min

shock, resp distress, angioedema

anti-IgA antibodies in IgA def person

21
Q

urticaria tranfusion rxn

A

2-3 hours

urticaria, flushing, angioedema, pruritis

recipient IgE antibodies and mast cells

22
Q

TRALI

A

within 6 hrs

resp distress, pulm edema

caused by donor anti-WBC antibodies

23
Q

patient with gunshot wounds to abdomen gets bacteria inf of strep pneumo. think…

A

they removed his spleen in accident –> encapsulated organisms

24
Q

are Ca level high or low in secondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD?

A

low

25
Q

physio causes of transudative vs exudative pleural effusions

A

trans: low oncotic or intrapleural pressure, high hydrostatic,
ex: increased capillary or pleural membrane permeability ; or disruptions to lymph outflow

26
Q

light’s criteria for transudative vs exudative pleural effusions

A

protein pleura to serum ratio:
trans <0.5
ex >0.5

LDH pleura to serum ratio:

trans: <0.6
ex: >0.6

27
Q

CMV sxs in HIV patient

A

under CD4<50

retinitis
colitis
pneumonitis
encephalitis

28
Q

MAC in HIV patient

A

const (high fever, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss)

GI (diarrhea, abdominal pain)

29
Q

bartonella in HIV patient

A

vascular cutaneous lesions

systemic symp- high fever, night sweats, etc

30
Q

dx and treatment of bartonella

A

biopsy

doxy

31
Q

bronchiectasis

A

bronchial thickening and dilatation due to recurrent infection and inflammation

cough, purulent sputum, hemoptysis, SOB

32
Q

dx of bronchiectasis

A

high res CT

33
Q

etiologies of bronchiectasis

A 
cancer
Rheumatic dz
infection
congenital- alpha 1 antitrypsin
immunodef

Medicine (31 decks)

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