Cell Injury Flashcards
When cells are presented with injury what are the three responses to the injury?
- They could withstand and return to normal
- Reversible
- They adapt
- Generally reversible
- They die
- irreversible
What is an example of reversible
Hydropic
Celluar Accumulation
What are some examples of generally reversible injuries?
Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia Dysplasia
What are examples of irreversible injury?
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Describe what is hydropic?
Accumulation of water
- results from malfunctions of Na-K pumps - Na ions diffuse into the cell - Water follows the sodium ions into the cell - Causes swelling in cells of particular organ with cause of megaly - Hypoxia
What is megaly?
Increase of water which will result in an increase size and weight
What happens in a reversible hydropic injury when the stressful process stops?
The water goes away and cells return to normal.
What are examples of cellular (intra) accumulation?
- Excessive amounts of normal intracellular substance
- Accumulation of abnormal substances produced by cell
- Accumulation of pigments and particles that cell is unable to degrade
Give examples of accumulation of normal intracellular substances?
Lipids Water Carbohydrates Glycogen Fatty deposits in liver from chronic smoking
Give examples of accumulation of abnormal substances produced by the cell?
Endogenous or exogenous
Inability to process glucose we see in diabetes.
Give examples of accumulation of pigments and particles that cell is unable to degrade?
Bilirubin
What is bilirubin?
Infants born with immature liver, they have a lot of RBC that they need to process, as a result of immature liver, they can’t process all of the RBC in an effective. We will see an increase of bilirubin…. Result in Jaundice
What are the 5 types of cellular adaptations
Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia Dysplasia
What is atrophy?
Cells shrink and reduce their differentiated function
Cells are minimizes injury nutrients to adapt and survive.
What are the causes of atrophy?
Dehydration
Immobilization
Lack of nutrition
Ischemia
What is hypertrophy?
An increase in the size of cells in response to mechanical stimuli
If you are bigger, you can withstand injury or stress