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Pharmacology > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Potassium supplements are available as?

A

Potassium chloride and Potassium Phosphate

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2
Q

What is potassium supplements used for?

A

hypokalemia

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3
Q

What are the adverse effects of potassium supplements

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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4
Q

Before administering potassium supplements what should we give first to the patient?

A

food and lots of water!

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5
Q

How is it administer?

A

IV

It can cause local irritation and pain

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6
Q

If the patient experiences pain what do we do?

A

Stop and check for infiltration, if everything looks good continue but more slowly

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7
Q

Can we kill someone with potassium supplements?

A

YES

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8
Q

When administering potassium chloride why would we watch out for serum K levels?

A

If someone is dehydrated and kidneys are not working well, they are at a high risk for developing hyperkalemia

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9
Q

How would you monitor for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A

Using a EKG

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10
Q

When you administer KCl through IV peripheral line, how much?

A

10 meq diluted in 100 ml NS over 1 hr

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11
Q

When you administer KCl through IV central line, how much?

A

20 meq diluted in 50 or 100 NS over 1 hr

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12
Q

What should not be available in patient care units?

A

potassium chloride vials

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13
Q

If a patient comes in with hyperkalemia what is the first action?

A

administer calcium IV to protect the heart!

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14
Q

Name the two treatment approaches for hyperkalemia

A

Shift the potassium back into the cells
or
Increase excretion of potassium

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15
Q

Name the three ways you can shift potassium back in to the cells?

A

Sodium bicarbonate injection
Albuterol continuous injection
Regular insulin + dextrose 50% injection

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16
Q

Someone with metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia, what medication would you give them?

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

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17
Q

What are the adverse effects of sodium bicarbonate?

A

Vasculature
Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis

18
Q

Albuterol is used for what?

A

causes bronchodilation

19
Q

It is used for what patients?

A

Asthma patients

20
Q

Albuterol is considered what type of medication?

A

Beta 2 agonist

21
Q

What does albuterol activate?

A

adenylate cyclase to stimulate production of cAMP

22
Q

What is cAMP used for?

A

Na-K ATPas pump to move K intracellularly

23
Q

What is the adverse effect of albuterol?

A

Tachycardia

24
Q

What does regular insulin do to glucose?

A

uptakes glucose

25
Q

Regular insulin is used for what?

A

Diabetes

Hyperkalemia

26
Q

What would you monitor on a patient who is on regular insulin?

A

drop of blood sugar

27
Q

What is the relationship between potassium and insulin?

A

Na-K ATPase pumps (in the cell membrane) requires insulin + glucose as an energy source because the pumps use ATP hydrolysis as its energy source

28
Q

What is the Na-K ATPase responsible for?

A

Exchanges Na for K (3:2)

Maintains intracellular and extracellular K levels

29
Q

Name the three ways you can increase excretion of potassium?

A

Diuresis with furosemide (kidney)
Hemodialysis (fake kidney)
Kayexalate (gut)

30
Q

What is kayexalate?

A

It is resin that exchanges Na for K in the gut

31
Q

How can we administer kayexalate?

A

Oral or rectal

32
Q

Would you use kayexalate in cases of emergency?

A

No

33
Q

What is the major concern for the kayexalate medication?

A

intestinal necrosis and serious GI adverse effects

34
Q

So we have to monitor for what when patients are on kayexalate?

A

poop explosions

35
Q

What is Magnesium hydroxide and citrate used for?

A

Constipation

36
Q

What is the role of magnesium on the body?

A
  • Activates intracellular enzymes
  • Binds to mRNA to the ribosome
  • Regulates skeletal muscle contractility and blood coagulation
37
Q

Magnesium sulfate is used for what?

A

Preeclampsia and eclampsia
Migraines
Status asthmaticus
Hypomagnesemia

38
Q

What are the precautions for magnesium sulfate

A

Renal dysfunction

Monitor cardiac and neuromuscular status

39
Q

What route would you administer magnesium sulfate?

A

IV

40
Q

Magnesium oxide is used how?

A

oral replacement

41
Q

What are the adverse effects of magnesium oxide

A

large doses cause diarrhea.

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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