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Gross Anatomy > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of femoral triangle

A

Superior: inguinal ligament
Lateral: Sartorius
Medial: adductor longus

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2
Q

Femoral triangle clinically important because:

A
  1. Hernias common

2. Arterial pressure point

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3
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral sheath (femoral artery+ vein)
Inguinal lymph nodes

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4
Q

Femoral sheath function

A

Allows femoral artery and vein to glide deep to inguinal ligament during movements of hip joint

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5
Q

Femoral sheath compartments

A
  1. Lateral: femoral artery
  2. Intermediate: femoral vein
  3. Medial: femoral canal
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6
Q

Femoral canal function

A

Allows femoral vein to expand when there is increased venous return from lower extremity

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7
Q

Femoral canal is ___ in females

A

Wider

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8
Q

Femoral ring

A

Opening in roof of femoral canal

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9
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Protrusion of abdominal viscera through femoral ring into femoral canal

may become strangulated

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10
Q

Main arterial supply of lower extremity

A

Femoral artery

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11
Q

Femoral artery is a continuation of

A

External iliac artery

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12
Q

Femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus to become

A

Popliteal artery

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13
Q

Branches of femoral artery

A
  1. Superficial branches
  2. Femoral Profundus
  3. Lateral and Medial Circumflex
  4. Perforating arteries
  5. Descending genicular artery
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14
Q

Superficial branches of femoral artery supply:

A

Proximal anterior thigh region

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15
Q

Superficial branches of femoral artery…

A

Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial epigastric
Superficial pudendal

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16
Q

First major branch of femoral artery

A

Femoral profundus

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17
Q

First branches off femoral profundus

A

Lateral and Medial circumflex arteries

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18
Q

Lateral and medial circumflex arteries supply

A

Muscles on lateral and medial aspect of thigh

Main blood supply to neck and head of femur

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19
Q

Perforating arteries supply

A

Muscles and skin on posterior aspect of thigh

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20
Q

Descending genicular artery supplies

A

Knee and medial aspect of leg

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21
Q

Femoral vein passes through adductor Magnus as a continuation of ___

A

Popliteal vein

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22
Q

As the femoral vein leaves femoral triangle and enters pelvis it becomes __

A

External iliac vein

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23
Q

Femoral vein receives tributaries from

A

Femoral profundus vein

Great saphenous vein

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24
Q

Popliteal lymph nodes associated with

A

Popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

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25
Q

Adductor canal located in

A

Medial aspect of thigh

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26
Q

Adductor canal provides passageway for

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve

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27
Q

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries are branches of

A

Internal iliac artery

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28
Q

Superior gluteal artery supplies

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius and minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata

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29
Q

Inferior gluteal artery supplies

A

Gluteus Maximus
Obturator Internus
Quadratus Femoris
Posterior thigh muscles

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30
Q

Boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

Lateral: biceps Femoris + lateral head of gastrocnemius

Medial: semimembranosus + semitendinosus + medial head of gastrocnemius

Roof: deep Fascia and skin

Floor: popliteal surface of femur, posterior extrinsic ligaments of knee joint + popliteus

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31
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

A 
Popliteal artery and vein 
Lesser saphenous vein 
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Popliteal lymph nodes
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32
Q

Deepest neuromuscular structure of popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal artery

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33
Q

Genicular branches of popliteal artery form …

A

Genicular anastomosis at the back of the knee

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34
Q

Genicular anastomosis provides

A

Collateral circulation to leg during full flexion at knee joint

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35
Q

Popliteal artery terminates into

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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36
Q

Popliteal aneurysm

A

Abnormal dilation of artery which causes swelling and pain in popliteal fossa

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37
Q

Arterial embolism could result in

A

Loss of blood to leg and foot

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38
Q

Articulating surfaces of hip joint

A

Head of femur

Acetabulum of pelvis

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39
Q

Acetabular labrum

A

Deepens cavity of acetabulum

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40
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

Part of acetabular labrum that bridges acetabular notch

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41
Q

Hip joint classified as

A

Ball and socket

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42
Q

Capsular ligament of hip joint

A

Strong, loose ligament that permits free movement at joint

cannot maintain integrity of joint alone

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43
Q

Iliofemoral ligament reinforces capsular ligament ___ and ____

A

Anteriorly

Inferiorly

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44
Q

Strongest ligament in body is

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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45
Q

Iliofemoral ligament attaches to ____ superiorly and ___ inferiorly

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Intertrochanteric line

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46
Q

When bending backward, ____ prevent body from falling backward

A

Anterior hip and abdominal muscles

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47
Q

When bending forward, ___ prevent body from falling forward

A

Gluteal, hamstring, and spinal muscles

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48
Q

Iliofemoral ligament is ___ and acts like ___

A

Extrinsic

Rope

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49
Q

Nerve supply of iliofemoral ligament

A

Femoral
Obturator
Sciatic

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50
Q

Pubofemoral ligament attaches to ___ superiorly and ___ inferiorly

A

Superior ramus of pubis

Intertrochanteric line

51
Q

Pubofemoral ligament prevents __ at joint

A

Abduction

52
Q

Pubofemoral ligament is __ and acts like ___

A

Extrinsic

Rope

53
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament runs from ___ superiorly and ___ inferiorly

A

Body of ischium

Neck and greater trochanter of femur

54
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament prevents ___ and __ at joint

A

Hyperextension

Abduction

55
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament is __ and acts like ___

A

Extrinsic

Rope

56
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament is ___ and converts acetabular notch into tunnel

A

Intrinsic

57
Q

Capitis Femoris ligament is a weak ____

A

Intrinsic ligament

58
Q

Developmental Dysplasia more common in

A

Females (8X more common)

59
Q

Majority of infants with developmental dysphasia were in

A

Breech position

60
Q

Majority of children with developmental dysphasia have

A

Ligamentous laxity- causes hip to become unstable and slip out of position

61
Q

If not corrected, developmental dysphasia may lead to

A

Pain, abnormal gait, femoral anteversion, unequal leg length, osteoarthritis, contracture of hip muscle

62
Q

Posterior dislocations of hip

A

More common

May compromise sciatic nerve

Femoral head ends on ilium

63
Q

Anterior dislocation

A

May compromise Obturator nerve

Head of femur ends up in obturator Foramen

64
Q

Largest and most superficial joint in body

A

Knee joint

65
Q

Articulation of knee joint

A

Femur
Tibia
Patella

66
Q

Articulating surfaces of tibial condyles

A

Lateral and medial tibial plateaus

67
Q

Joint between femur and tibia is

A

Ginglymus (hinge)

68
Q

Joints between patella and femur is

A

Plane gliding

69
Q

Nerve supply of knee joint

A

Femoral
Obturator
Common fibular
Tibial nerve

70
Q

Subcutaneous prepatellar Bursae

A

Lies between patella and skin

71
Q

Subcutaneous infrapatellar Bursae

A

Lies between tibial tubercle and skin

72
Q

Deep infrapatellar Bursae

A

Between ligamentum patella and tibial tubercle

73
Q

Suprapatellar Bursae

A

Lies between femur and common tendon of insertion of quads

74
Q

Ligamentum patella function

A

Help maintain alignment of patella relative to articular surface of femur

75
Q

Ligamentum patella runs from

A

Apex to patella to tibial tubercle

76
Q

Collateral ligaments of knee contribute to

A

Stability when standing

77
Q

Lateral collateral ligament attached to ___ proximally and ___ distally

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur

Head of fibula

78
Q

Lateral collateral ligament function

A

Wall and prevents lateral movement of joint

79
Q

Medial collateral ligament function

A

Wall and prevents medial movements at joint

80
Q

Medial collateral ligament attaches to ___ proximally and ____ distally

A

Medial epicondyle of femur

Medial side of tibia, just below medial condyle

81
Q

Oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments both function to

A

Prevent hyperextension of knee joint (functions as wall)

Stabilize posterior aspect of joint

82
Q

Main bonds between femur and tibia

A

Cruciate ligaments

83
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament runs from ___ to ____

A

Lateral condyle of femur

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia

84
Q

ACL prevents

A

Anterior displacement of tibia under femur

Functions like rope

85
Q

____ cruciate ligament is weaker

A

Anterior

86
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament runs from __ to ___

A

Medial condyle of femur

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia

87
Q

PCL prevents

A

Posterior displacement of tibia under femur

Functions like rope

88
Q

Menisci have well developed blood supply from birth to

A

18 months of age

89
Q

Central portions of adult meniscus are

A

Avascular

90
Q

Main function of menisci

A

Deepen articulating surface

Shock absorber

Mechanoreceptor to increase positional sense of knee joint

91
Q

Medial meniscus adheres to

A

Tibial collateral ligament

92
Q

__ is C shaped

A

Medial meniscus

93
Q

___ is less mobile on surface of tibia

A

Medial meniscus

94
Q

___ is more freely movable on surface of tibia

A

Lateral meniscus

95
Q

Lateral meniscus is ___ in shape

A

Circular

96
Q

Lateral meniscus is __ than medial meniscus

A

Smaller

97
Q

Coronary ligaments help hold ___ in place

A

Menisci

98
Q

When fully extended, knee “locks” due to

A

Lateral rotation of tibia

99
Q

To “unlock” the knee, the ___ must contract to rotate tibia ___

A

Popliteus

Medially

100
Q

Prepatellar (housemaid’s) bursitis

A

Friction between skin and patella

Direct blow/ falling on flexed knee

101
Q

Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis

A

Excessive friction between skin and tibial tubercle

Common in roofers, clergymen

102
Q

Suprapatellar bursitis

A

Bacteria from abrasion or penetrating wound

May spread to knee joint cavity

103
Q

Unhappy triad

A

Blow to lateral aspect of joint while in weight bearing position

Can cause damage to medial collateral, ACL, and medial meniscus

104
Q

Most commonly injured ligament of knee joint

A

Medial collateral

105
Q

If large parts of medial meniscus are removed, ___ can result

A

Osteoarthritis

106
Q

___ meniscus is more vulnerable to injury

A

Medial

107
Q

ACL damaged in sports with

A

Twisting or jumping

108
Q

ACL damage symptoms

A

Hear “pop” and then feel like knee as “given out”

109
Q

Positive anterior drawer test

A

Tibia can be pulled excessively forward under femur after ACL damage

110
Q

Positive posterior drawer test

A

Tibia can be pulled excessively backward under femur due to damage to PCL

111
Q

Function of tibia

A

Weight bearing

112
Q

Tibia articulates with

A

Condyles of femur and head of fibula and with talus and distal end of fibula

113
Q

___ ossification centers of tibia

A

4
(1 primary)
(3 secondary)

114
Q

3 secondary ossification centers of tibia

A

Proximal end
Distal end
Tibial tuberosity

115
Q

Ossification of tibia

A
  1. Shaft
  2. Proximal end
  3. Distal end
  4. Tibial tuberosity
  5. Distal end fuses
  6. Proximal end fuses
116
Q

Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease

A

Disruption of epiphyseal plate of tibial tuberosity that occurs around puberty in active adolescents

117
Q

Apophyses

A

Secondary ossification center that develops with growth

118
Q

Osgood-schlatter’s disease is example of

A

Apophyseal injury

119
Q

Function of fibula

A

Give attachment to muscles

120
Q

__ ossification centers of fibula

A

3

1 primary- shaft
(2 secondary - distal and proximal ends)

121
Q

Ossification of femur order

A
  1. Shaft
  2. Distal end
  3. Proximal end
  4. Proximal end fuses
  5. Distal end fuses
122
Q

Bumper fracture

A

Compound fractures of tibia due to direct trauma

123
Q

Fractures of fibula may damage

A

Common fibular nerve

Gross Anatomy (18 decks)

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