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Gross Anatomy > Clinical Aspects Exam 4 > Flashcards

Clinical Aspects Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Dysplasia

A

Ongoing process causing dislocation of hip joint in which head of femur ends superior on external surface of ilium

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2
Q

Developmental Dysplasia more commonly seen in

A

Females

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3
Q

Developmental Dysplasia symptoms

A 
Pain
Abnormal gait
Unequal leg length
Femoral anteversion
Contracture 
Osteoarthritis
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4
Q

Traumatic (Acquired) Dislocation

A

May occur during accidents when thigh if flexed, abducted, and medially rotated

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5
Q

___ dislocation of hip more common and may damage ___

A

Posterior

Sciatic

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6
Q

___ dislocation of hip rare and may damage ___

A

Anterior

Obturator Nerve

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7
Q

Prepatellar Bursitis

A

Housemaid’s Knee

Caused by friction between skin and patella

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8
Q

Subcutaneous Infrapatellar Bursitis

A

Clergyman’s knee

Inflammation between skin and tibial tubercle

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9
Q

Suprapatellar Bursitis

A

Inflammation of suprapatellar Bursae caused by abrasions or penetrating wounds

Infection may spread to knee joint

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10
Q

Unhappy Triad

A

Tear of medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament

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11
Q

Anterior Drawer Test

A

Tibia pulled forward under femur = positive = indicates torn ACL

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12
Q

Posterior Drawer Test

A

Tibia pushed backward under femur = positive= torn PCL

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13
Q

Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease

A

Avulsion injury of secondary growth center for tibial tuberosity

Pain in area of tibial tuberosity

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14
Q

Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease is an example of an __

A

Apophyseal Injury

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15
Q

Os Trigonum

A

Lateral tubercle does not unite with body of talus and ossified independently

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16
Q

Stress fractures

A

Fine hairline fractures that occur without evidence of soft tissue injury

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17
Q

Stress fractures commonly occur at

A

Shaft of tibia, navicular, 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals

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18
Q

Stress Fracture types

A
  1. Bone normal; overloaded with sudden increase in activity

2. Bone abnormal; result of osteoporosis, drugs, metabolic disorder

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19
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Increase of pressure within myofascial compartment

Causes pain and may result in ischemia

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20
Q

Types of compartment syndrome

A

Acute

Chronic

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21
Q

Acute compartment syndrome

A

Due to trauma

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22
Q

Chronic compartment syndrome AKA

A

External compartment syndrome

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23
Q

Chronic compartment syndrome usually occurs in ___ and ___ compartments

A

Anterior and deep posterior leg

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24
Q

Chronic compartment syndrome is ___ related

A

Exercise

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25
Q

Diagnosis of compartment syndrome

A

Resting pressure > 12 mm/hg

1 min exercise pressure > 20 mm/hg

26
Q

Shin splints aka

A

Medial tibial stress syndrome

27
Q

Shin splints

A

Generic term used to describe anterior leg pain not due to compartment syndrome or stress fractures

28
Q

Ski Boot Syndrome

A

Compression neuropathy of deep fibular nerve

29
Q

Symptoms of ski boot syndrome

A

Weakened dorsiflexion and extension of toes, as well as sensory loss between 1st and 2nd toes

30
Q

High ankle sprain

A

Sprain involving inferior tibiofibular joint

31
Q

Calcaneal tendon reflex

A

Tests segmental innervation S1 and S2

Foot should reflexively fall in plantar flexed position

32
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

Occlusive peripheral artery disease characterized by painful leg cramps which develop during walking and disappear with rest

33
Q

Screening for intermittent claudication

A

Palpate Posterior tibial artery

34
Q

Achilles Tendonitis

A

Microscopic tears in collagen fibers, just proximal to attachment on calcaneous

Flat feet more prone to get due to hypereversion

35
Q

Rupture of Achilles Tendon

A

Audible snap and feel intense pain

Difficult carrying out plantar flexion

36
Q

High heeled shoes

A

Develop shortening of calf muscles due to origin and insertion continually being brought closer together

37
Q

Pott’s Fracture

A

Fracture dislocation of ankle, occurs when foot forcibly everted or externally rotated

38
Q

Pott’s fracture may result in

A

Tear of deltoid ligament
Fracture of fibula
Fracture of lateral malleolus

39
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Overuse injury that causes pain on medial aspect of calcaneus and along medial longitudinal arch

40
Q

Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis

A

“First step pain”

Aponeurosis is stretched and tiny tears develop

41
Q

Plantar Nerve Reflex

A

Stroking skin of lateral plantar aspect of foot- normal response is flexion of all digits

42
Q

Abnormal plantar nerve reflex

A

Babinski sign (digits 2-5 will abduct and digit 1 will extend)

43
Q

Segmental innervation tested in plantar nerve reflex

A

L4
L5
S1
S2

44
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Tibial nerve or medial plantar nerve compressed as they pass deep to flexor retinaculum

45
Q

In tarsal tunnel syndrome, pain is noted along

A

Medial malleolus and plantar aspect of foot and toes

46
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome AKA

A

Joggers foot

47
Q

Hallux Valgus

A

Enlargement and deforming of 1st MP joint in which joint deviates laterally

48
Q

Hallux Rigidis

A

Sesamoid bone displaced by deviation and ends up between heads of 1st and 2nd metatarsals

Cannot move first digit away from second

49
Q

Bunion

A

Inflamed Bursae that occurs from foot rubbing against shoe with additional bone growth occurring due to Hallux Valgus

50
Q

Hammer Toe

A

Common deformity of 2nd and 3rd toes

MP and DIP joint are hyperextended while PIP joint flexed

51
Q

Corns

A

Thickening of keratin layer of skin

52
Q

Turf toe

A

Hyperextension injury to plantar capsular ligament of 1st MP joint

53
Q

Club Foot

A

Structural foot deformity, usually congenital, involving subtalar joint

54
Q

Club foot is more common in

A

Males

55
Q

In club foot, foot is usually ___ and ___

A

Plantar flexed and inverted

56
Q

The ___ bone is malformed in club feet, which can cause shortening and contracture of muscles and ligaments

A

Talus

57
Q

Morton’s Neuroma

A

Plantar nerves are compressed between heads of metatarsals (MC between 3rd and 4th digits)

58
Q

Pes Rectus

A

Normal foot with relation to arches

Main load on calcaneus

59
Q

Pes Planus Flexible

A

Congenital condition resulting in flat feet only in weight bearing (due to loose/degenerative ligaments)

60
Q

Pes Planus Rigid

A

Congenital or acquired flat feet seen in both weight bearing and non-weight bearing stances due to bone deformities

61
Q

Pes cavus

A

Medial longitudinal arch unusual high resulting in claw foot

Gross Anatomy (18 decks)

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