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Anatomy and Physiology I > Lec Test 1 CH1 > Flashcards

Lec Test 1 CH1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of structure and form

A

anatomy

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2
Q

scientists who study the structure and form of organisms

A

anatomists

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3
Q

the study of function of the body parts

A

physiology

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4
Q

scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances

A

physiologists

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5
Q

“The lining of the lungs helps protect it.” Does this state represent physiology or anatomy?

A

Physiology—studies the function of the parietal pleura in the protection of the lungs

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6
Q

“The lining of the lungs is made of simple squamous epithelium.” Does this state represent physiology or anatomy

A

Physiology—studies the structure of the lining of the lungs

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7
Q

examines structures that cannot be seen by the unaided eye

A

microscopic anatomy

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8
Q

the study of body cells and their internal structure

A

cytology

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9
Q

the study of tissues

A

histology

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10
Q

investigates the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye

A

gross anatomy

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11
Q

studies the anatomy of each functional body system

A

systemic anatomy

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12
Q

examines all the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit

A

regional anatomy

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13
Q

both superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them

A

surface anatomy

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14
Q

examines similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

A

comparative anatomy

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15
Q

discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

A

embryology

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16
Q

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

A

pathologic anatomy

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17
Q

investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures

A

radiographic anatomy

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18
Q

Discipline of anatomy that explores differences between species, eg lower limb of human vs chimpanzee

A

comparative anatomy

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19
Q

functioning of heart, blood vessels, and blood

A

cardiovascular physiology

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20
Q

examines how nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous system

A

neurophysiology

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21
Q

studies how respiratory gases are transferred by gas exchange between lungs and blood vessels

A

respiratory physiology

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22
Q

explores how regulation of reproductive hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell production and maturation

A

reproductive physiology

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23
Q

investigates the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to that organ system

A

pathophysiology

24
Q

one of the properties common to all organisms - exhibit a complex structure and order

A

organization

25
Q

one of the properties common to all organisms - the sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur within the body

A

metabolism

26
Q

a metabolic reaction - formation of large, complex molecules from simple molecules

A

anabolism

27
Q

a metabolic reaction - breakdown of complex molecules into simple molecules

A

catabolism

28
Q

one of the properties common to all organisms - due to the organism’s assimilation of materials from their environment, they often exhibit a growth in size and increased specialization as related to form and function

A

growth and development

29
Q

one of the properties common to all organisms - the ability to sense and react to stimuli

A

responsiveness

30
Q

changes in the external or internal environment

A

stimuli

31
Q

the body’s ability to maintain a constant internal state in response to changes in environmental stimuli

A

homeostasis

32
Q

a homeostatic feedback mechanism that works against the stimulus, eg raises body temperature in response to cold

A

negative feedback

33
Q

a homeostatic feedback mechanism that work with the stimulus, eg breastfeeding

A

positive feedback

34
Q

Give three examples of positive feedback mechanisms

A

blood clotting
uterine contractions during birth
breastfeeding

35
Q

the body structure that detects changes in a variable, which is a substance or process that is regulated; typically consists of sensory neurons

A

receptor

36
Q

a change in the variable (a physical or chemical factor)

A

stimulus

37
Q

structure that interprets input from the receptor and initiates changes through the effector

A

control center

38
Q

the structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus

A

effector

39
Q

normal value of a variable maintained by homeostasis

A

set point

40
Q

A specific cause of homeostatic imbalance

A

diagnosis

41
Q

the likely course of a disease or ailment

A

prognosis

42
Q

A subjective feature that is regarded as indicating a condition of disease

A

symptom

43
Q

Any objective evidence of disease, as opposed to a symptom, which is, by nature, subjective

A

sign

44
Q

Three components of a homeostatic system

A
  • receptor
  • control center
  • effector
45
Q

Describe the feedback loop of homeostasis

A
  • detection of stimulus by receptor
  • information relayed to control center
  • initiation of change through effectors
  • return of homeostasis
46
Q

Example of a drug that effects homeostatic control, makes you feel happier and causes crash if not taken every day

A

SSRI (serotonin)

47
Q

the specific cause of the homeostatic imbalance

A

diagnosis

48
Q

the primary method of obtaining an image of a body part for diagnostic purposes

A

radiography

49
Q

a form of high-energy radiation that pass through soft tissues but are absorbed by dense tissues

A

x-rays

50
Q

second most widely used method of obtaining an image of a body part for diagnostic purposes’ produces high-frequency ultrasound waves and then receives signals that are reflected from internal organs

A

sonography

51
Q

(CT scan) a more sophisticated application of x-rays

A

computed tomography scan

52
Q

a modified three-dimensional x-ray technique used primarily to view blood vessels

A

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

53
Q

provides two important pieces of medical information: (1) 3D images of body organs, and (2) information about the normal organ movement as well as changes in its internal volume

A

dynamic spatial reconstruction (DSR)

54
Q

developed as a noninvasive technique to visualize soft tissues

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

55
Q

provides the means to map brain function based on local oxygen concentration differences in blood flow

A

functional MRI (fMRI)

56
Q

scan used both to analyze the metabolic state of a tissue at a given moment in time and to determine which tissues are most active

A

positron emission tomography (PET)

Anatomy and Physiology I (30 decks)

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