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Anatomy and Physiology I > LC 4-16 > Flashcards

LC 4-16 Flashcards

1
Q

Receptors found in skin, joints, muscles; sense of touch/movement.

A

Somatic receptors

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2
Q

Receptors found in walls of organs; organ status

A

Visceral receptors

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3
Q

Receptors for Gustation, olfaction, vision, hearing, equilibrium

A

Special sense receptors

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4
Q

Receptors that Detect stimuli from external environment; found in skin, special senses, some membranes

A

Exteroceptors

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5
Q

Receptors that Detect stimuli in internal organs; found in smooth muscle

A

Introceptors

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6
Q

Receptors that Detect body and limb movements; found in muscles and joints

A

Proprioceptors

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7
Q

Receptors that detect Chemicals dissolved in fluid; flavors in saliva, blood, oxygen

A

Chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Receptors for Changes in temperature

A

Thermoreceptors

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9
Q

Receptors for Changes in light, color, movement

A

Photorecptors

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10
Q

Receptors for Touch, pressure, vibration

A

Mechanoreceptors

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11
Q

Receptors for Stretch or expansion in vessels and organs

A

Baroreceptors

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12
Q

Receptors for Pain/tissue damage

A

Nocioceptors

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13
Q

Cells that detect tastes; taste-producing molecules and ions in our food

A

Gustatory cells

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14
Q

Change in environment, detected by receptor

A

stimulus

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15
Q

Change in environment, consciously aware of it

A

sensation

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16
Q

Term for sense of taste

A

gustation

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17
Q

Term for sense of smell

A

olfaction

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18
Q

Type of sense that includes all senses other than special

A

general

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19
Q

Type of senses that include vision, hearing, smelling, tasting, equilibrium

A

special

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20
Q

Sense term that describes change in body’s internal environment, things that you can’t reach with a finger

A

Interoreception

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21
Q

Sense term that describes change in external environment, things you can reach with a finger

A

Exteroreception

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22
Q

Sense term that describes body position and equilibrium

A

Proprioception

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23
Q

Receptors that detect chemicals, eg nose, tongue, blood vessels

A

Chemoreceptors

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24
Q

Receptors that detect temperature, eg skin

A

Thermoreceptors

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25
Q

Receptors that detect light, eg only in eye

A

Photoreceptors

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26
Q

Receptors that detect touch, vibration, stretch, eg cutaneous, ear

A

Mechanoreceptors

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27
Q

Receptors that detect pressure, eg vessel and organ walls

A

Baroreceptors

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28
Q

Receptors that detect pain, eg skin, muscles

A

Nocioceptors

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29
Q

Detect pain in skin

A

Free nerve endings

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30
Q

Detect hair movement

A

Root hair plexuses

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31
Q

Detects deep touch

A

Lamellated corpuscles

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32
Q

Detects light touch

A

Tactile corpuscles

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33
Q

Something you can smell

A

oderant

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34
Q

Chemical in body that can detect oderant in body and will send signal to brain

A

Oderant-binding protein

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35
Q

Smell is important for _______

A

memory

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36
Q

Sense of taste

A

gustation

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37
Q

Bumps on the tongue that may contain taste buds

A

papillae

38
Q

Papillae with no taste buds, have mechanoreceptors, for texture

A

Filiform papillae

39
Q

Papillae that have taste buds, but not many

A

Fungiform papillae

40
Q

Papillae that have taste buds, most taste buds

A

Vallate papillae

41
Q

Papillae that are not well developed in humans

A

Foliate papillae

42
Q

Describe how taste buds work

A

(1) tastant dissolves, (2) goes into papillae, (3) chemoreceptors in papillae detect, (4) sent to facial (VII) and glossopharangeal (IX) nerves

43
Q

Term for chemical we can taste

A

tastant

44
Q

Five types of taste

A

sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami

45
Q

Taste produced by organic compounds, eg sugar

A

sweet

46
Q

Taste produced by metal ions, eg Na+ and K+

A

salt

47
Q

Taste associated with acids

A

sour

48
Q

Taste produced by alkaloids

A

bitter

49
Q

Taste related to amino acids

A

umami

50
Q

Good portion of taste goes where in brain

A

medulla oblongata

51
Q

Visual receptors that detect light

A

photoreceptors

52
Q

Two main types of photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

53
Q

Receptor that detects volume, amount of light

A

rods

54
Q

Receptors that detect color, wavelength, frequency, primarily located in the fovea centralis

A

cones

55
Q

Three types of cones

A

red, blue, green

56
Q

Describe relationship of cones and rods in seeing light

A

rods overlap in frequencies of light they detect, rods are between blue and green

57
Q

Protein in photopigments

A

opsin

58
Q

Light-absorbing molecule in photopigments

A

retinal

59
Q

Two types of photopigments

A

rhodopsin, photopsin

60
Q

Opsin in rods

A

rhodopsin

61
Q

Opsin in cone cells

A

photopsin

62
Q

Focusing involves two steps

A

refraction, accommodation

63
Q

Bending light, eg light passing through material

A

refraction

64
Q

Term referring to body changing shape of lens to adjust for distance

A

accommodation

65
Q

Accommodation for distant vision

A

lens more long and thin, suspensory ligaments taut, ciliary muscles relaxed

66
Q

Accommodation for near vision

A

lens more thick and spherical, suspensory ligaments relaxed, ciliary muscles contract

67
Q

Normal vision

A

emmetropia

68
Q

Far-sighted

A

hypertropia

69
Q

Near-sightedness

A

myopia

70
Q

Unequal focusing due to curvatures in one or more refractive surfaces

A

astigmatism

71
Q

Age-related vision decrease

A

presbyopia

72
Q

Lens needed to corrected hyperopia

A

convex

73
Q

Lens needed to correct myopia

A

concave lens

74
Q

Clearness of vision, measures on the 20/20 scale

A

Visual acuity

75
Q

Describe visual acuity measurement

A

higher second number, worse vision; lower second number, better vision, 20/20 is normal

76
Q

Pathway of light, neural pathway

A

Photopigments in photoreceptors stimulated > depolarizes bipolar cell > AP in ganglion cell > optic nerves > optic tract > occipital lobe

77
Q

Optic tracts carry info to brain areas where

A

superior colliculi

78
Q

Overlapping vision which creates depth perception

A

stereoscopic vision

79
Q

Auditory path of sound

A

Pinna > external auditory meatus > tympanic membrane > malleus > incus > stapes > oval window > vestibular duct > vestibular membrane > cochlear duct > tectorial membrane > hair cells of organ of corti

80
Q

Neural path of sound

A

hair cells of spiral organ of corti > cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve > vestibulocochlear nerve > cochlear nucleus > inferior colliculi > thalamus > temporal lobe

81
Q

Structure that vibrates out any excess pressure waves

A

round window

82
Q

Wavelength of sound determines what in relationship to cochlea

A

determines where in cochlea sound is detected

83
Q

Measurement for frequency of sound

A

hertz

84
Q

Measurement for amplitude, sound intensity

A

decibels

85
Q

Awareness and monitoring of head position, coming from vestibule

A

equilibrium

86
Q

Structures that detect linear acceleration

A

saccule, utricle

87
Q

Angular/rotational acceleration

A

semicircular ducts

88
Q

Gel layer on top of hair cells in vestibule

A

otolithic membrane

89
Q

Gel cap on top of hair cells in semicircular ducts

A

cupula

90
Q

Calcium carbonate crystal that add mass to gel in _______ membrane

A

otoliths

91
Q

Linear and angular acceleration is detected by what

A

hair cells in the vestibule

92
Q

Pathway of linear acceleration

A

hair cells of vestibule > vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear nerve > vestibulocochlear nerve > vestibular nucleus > cerebellum and thalamus > cerebral cortex

Anatomy and Physiology I (30 decks)

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