Hypertension Flashcards
Factors influencing mean arterial pressure (MAP): cardiac output total peripheral resistance heart rate contractility
cardiac output
total peripheral resistance
heart rate
contractility
Main effects of angiotensin II through AT1-receptors:
increases kidney blood flow
decreases of aldosterone secretion
enhances renin production
vasoconstriction resulting in blood pressure increases
vasoconstriction resulting in blood pressure increases
Aldosterone function, effects:
regulation of extracellular volume
transformation of angiotensinogen produced by the liver to angiotensin I which will change to angiotensin II in the lungs
regulation of potassium balance
increases liquid intake by affecting thirst center in the hypothalamus
increases liquid intake by affecting thirst center in the hypothalamus
As a result of prolonged hypertension, which alterations affect the vessel wall:
increasing shear stress at blood flow
increasing vessel wall elasticity
increasing endothelial damage
decreasing vessel wall permeability
increasing shear stress at blood flow
increasing endothelial damage
Factors/causes influencing essential hypertension: high NaCl-intake kidney disease excessive alcohol consumption psychosocial stress
high NaCl-intake
kidney disease
excessive alcohol consumption
psychosocial stress
Hypertension may cause the following: chest pain fatigue positional vertigo, blurred vision dizziness
chest pain
fatigue
positional vertigo, blurred vision
dizziness
Hypertension is defined by the following parameters:
systolic value ≥ 130 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 80 mmHg
systolic value ≥ 135 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 85 mmHg
systolic value ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 90 mmHg
systolic value ≥ 145 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 95 mmHg
systolic value ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 90 mmHg
Which statements are false?
The conversion of renin to angiotensin I is catalyzed by the ACE
ACE inhibitors are anithypertensive drugs
angiotensin II is a strong vasopressor: it induces arterial contraction and increases the blood pressure
angiotensin I is the only known substrate of renin
The conversion of renin to angiotensin I is catalyzed by the ACE
angiotensin I is the only known substrate of renin
What is isolated systolic lhypertension?
systolic ≤120 mmHg, diastolic ≤70 mmHg
systolic ≤130 mmHg, diastolic ≤80 mmHg
systolic ≤125 mmHg, diastolic ≤75 mmHgm
systolic ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic <90 mmHg
systolic ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic <90 mmHg
What are the complications of hypertension? Chronic renal failure Heart failure Stroke Peripheral vascular disease
Chronic renal failure
Heart failure
Stroke
Peripheral vascular disease
Possible causes of secondary hypertension: primary hyperaldosteronism Cushing’s syndrome sleep apnea increased salt intake
primary hyperaldosteronism
Cushing’s syndrome
increased salt intake
Which factors affect the blood pressure? sympathetic nervous system activity heart rate renal function serum ALP activity
sympathetic nervous system activity
heart rate
renal function
Which statements are true about bradykinine?
It promotes the production of NO and prostaglandin in endothelial cells
It relaxes the blood vessels
It increases the blood pressure
It is a vasoconstrictor
It promotes the production of NO and prostaglandin in endothelial cells
It relaxes the blood vessels
Which statements are true about growth factors?
they promote the thickening of vessel walls
They increases the diameter of blood vessels
They increase the body height
They increase the blood flow
they promote the thickening of vessel walls
They increase the body height
Which factors promote the proliferation of smooth muscle cells? Endothelin Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Protacyclin NO
Endothelin
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
