6B: Memory

Question 1

What is information processing model?

Answer 1

Brain=computer

Receive the input, processing, and producing output

Question 2

What is sensory memory?

Answer 2

short-term memory that takes sensory information and holds it temporarily

Question 3

Iconic vs echoic memory

Answer 3

image vs auditory memory

Question 4

Partial report technique vs whole-report technique

Answer 4

uses cued recall to identify a subset of character (higher recall)
vs try to recall as much info as possible ( lower recall)

Question 5

What is the serial position effect?

Answer 5

Recall the first ( primary effect) and the last items (recency effect) in a series the best

Question 6

Visu-spatial sketchpad

Answer 6

Component of working memory that holds visual and spatial for brief moments

Question 7

Phonological loop

Answer 7

Component of working memory that deals with auditory info

Question 8

Working memory

Answer 8

temporarily holds info for processing memory

Question 9

Episodic buffer

Answer 9

function to temporarily store and integrate info across working memory components

Question 10

Central executive

Answer 10

oversee the working memory system, directing info to various components

Question 11

Operational span testing

Answer 11

Maximum words recalled in the following test:

1) subjects read and verify math problem
2) read words
3) perform recall test

Question 12

What are the two types of long-term memory?

Answer 12

Explicit and implicit

Question 13

Explicit memory

Answer 13

memory that can be described explicitly

Question 14

What are the two types of explicit memory?

Answer 14

Semantic and Episodic memory

Question 15

What is Semantic memory?

Answer 15

memory of words, concepts, facts, and number

Question 16

What is Episodic memory?

Answer 16

Memories of events of someone’s life

Question 17

What is implicit memory?

Answer 17

Memory that is acquired and used unconsiously

Question 18

What is procedural memory?

Answer 18

the subset of implicit memories used in the performance of particular tasks unconsciously
Ex:

Question 19

Priming?

Answer 19

Exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus

Question 20

Negative vs positive priming

Answer 20

Reduce vs increase speed of processing compared to unprimed

Question 21

Encoding

Answer 21

the transfer of info from working memory to long-term memory

Question 22

Encoding specificity

Answer 22

Improvement of memory retrieval when conditions of testing are similar to conditions of encoding

Question 23

Rote rehearsal vs chunking vs mnemonic device vs

self-referencing vs spacing

Answer 23

repeat same info vs grouping info into categories vs retrieval cues vs personal experiences vs space-repetition

Question 24

Retrieval

Answer 24

the recall of learned info from memory

Question 25

2 types of recall

Answer 25

Free call vs cued recall

Question 26

State-dependent vs context-dependent of retrieval cues

Answer 26

retrieval is facilitated when one's mental state/ physical environment during encoding and retrieval are similar

Question 27

False information

Answer 27

Recollections of events are not accurate

Question 28

Misleading information

Answer 28

Recollections of events that become less accurate due to post-event info

Question 29

Source monitoring error

Answer 29

memory is attributed to wrong source | Ex:

Question 30

Flashbulb memories

Answer 30

Memory with vivid details-snap shot | Ex: Covid-19, election

Question 31

Long-term potential and long-term depression

Answer 31

Repeated/Reduced stimulation → strengthening/weakening of synaptic connection

Question 32

Retroactive interference vs proactive

Answer 32

learning new info interfere with previously learned info | vs previously learn info interfere with new learning info

Question 33

Neurodegenerative disease: dementia

Answer 33

decline in cognitive function to the point that interfere with one's daily life

Question 34

Korsakoff's syndrome

Answer 34

Memory loss due to vitamin B1 deficiency

Question 35

what is the precursor of Korsakoff's syndrome?

Answer 35

Damage to certain areas causes poor balance, abnormal eye movements, confusion, and memory loss --> Wernicke's encephalopathy

Question 36

Amnesia

Answer 36

Deficit in memory

Question 37

Retrograde vs anterograde

Answer 37

Inability to recall previously encoded info vs | inability to encode new memories

Question 38

Dissociate amnesia

Answer 38

Inability to recall important personal details-( post-tramatic event)

Question 39

Semantic network

Answer 39

concepts are organized as an interconnected network of ideas, connecting concepts with similar ideas

Question 40

Hierarchical semantic network

Answer 40

concepts are organized as nested folders, from high order to low order

Question 41

Cognitive economy principle

Answer 41

Brain optimizes for efficiency such that information is organized in a way to minimize cognitive load

Question 42

Spreading activation

Answer 42

Activation of one piece of memory will also cause recall of related nodes/concepts