6C: Respoding to the world

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

natural instinctive state of mind derived from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others.

Question 2

3 elements of emotion

Answer 2

physio response, behavioral response, cognitive response

Question 3

physiological response

Answer 3

changes in heart rate, breathing rate, skin temp, BP

Question 4

behavior response

Answer 4

facial expression, body language

Question 5

cognitive response

Answer 5

subjective interpretation of the feeling being experienced

Question 6

universal emotions

Answer 6

emotions and corresponding expressions are universal (darwin said emotions are evolutionary)

Question 7

7 basic emotions by Ekman

Answer 7

happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, anger

Question 8

adaptive role of emotion

Answer 8

emotions are thought to be evolutionary adaptations due to situations encountered over the evolutionary history of the human species that guide sensory processing, physiological response, and behavior

Question 9

3 theories of emotion

Answer 9

James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter-Singer

Question 10

James-Lange theory of emotion

Answer 10

stimulus results first in physiological arousal, which leads to secondary response in which emotion is labeled. (I must be angry because my skin is hot and my BP is high)

Question 11

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 11

cognitive and physiological components of emotion occur simultaneously and result in behavioral component of emotion/action (I’m afraid bc I see a snake and my heart is racing, let me out)

Question 12

Schachter-Singer theory

Answer 12

cognitive arousal theory, 2 factor theory, both arousal and labeling of arousal based on environment must occur in order for emotion to be experienced (I am excited because my heart is racing and everyone else is happy)

Question 13

limbic system

Answer 13

complex set of structures that reside below cerebrum on either side of thalamus. system made up of amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, fornix, septal nuclei, and parts of cerebral cortez

Question 14

amygdala

Answer 14

small round structure that signals cortex about stimuli related to attention and emotions, processes environment, detects external cues, learns from surroundings to produce emotion. assc. with fear and human emotion thru interpretation of facial expressions. controls implicit mem (emotional memories)

Question 15

thalamus

Answer 15

prelim sensory processing station, routes info to cortex and other areas.

Question 16

hypothalamus

Answer 16

located below thalamus, synthesizes and releases variety of NTs. homeostatic fxns, modulates emotion. largely dictates emotional states thru controlling NTs that effect mood/arounsal

Question 17

hippocampus

Answer 17

within temporal lobe, creates LT memories. aids in creating context for stimuli to lead to an emotional experience. storage of emotional memories are key in producing emotional response. controls explicit mem (emotional memories)

Question 18

emotional memory

Answer 18

unconscious, implicit memory for emotions, storage of actual feelings in emotion associated with an event

Question 19

distinguishing facial expressions

Answer 19

temporal/occipital lobe, lateralized so right hemi more active when discerning facial expressions

Question 20

prefrontal cortex

Answer 20

anterior portion of frontal lobes assc. with planning intricate cog fxns, expressing personality, making decisions. recieves arousal input from the brain stem coordinating arousal and cognitive states. left = positive emotions, right = negative emotions

Question 21

dorsal prefrontal cortex

Answer 21

assc. with attention and cognition

Question 22

ventral prefrontal cortex

Answer 22

connects with regions of the brain responsible for experiencing emotion

Question 23

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 23

thought to play substantial role in decision making and controlling emotional responses from amygdala

Question 24

autonomic nervous system

Answer 24

relates to emotion, specific physiological rxns are assc. with specific emotions.

Question 25

physiological markers of emotion

Answer 25

skin temp, heart rate, breathing rate, BP, heart rate variability, blood pulse volume, diastolic BP

Question 26

stress

Answer 26

response to challenging events, physical, emotional, cog, or behavioral

Question 27

cognitive appraisal of stress

Answer 27

subjective evaluation of situation that induces stress, 2 stagesL primary and secondary

Question 28

primary appraisal

Answer 28

initial eval of enviro and assc. threat. can be identified as irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful. if threat, then secondary

Question 29

secondary appraisal

Answer 29

directed at evaluating whether the organism can cope with the stress, eval 3 things: harm (damage caused by event), threat (potential for future damage), challenge (potential to overcome/benefit from event)

Question 30

reappraisal

Answer 30

this is what situations that require ongoing monitoring need

Question 31

stressor

Answer 31

biological event, external condition or event that leads to stress resp

Question 32

common stresses (5)

Answer 32

environmental factors, daily events, workplace/academia, social expectations, chemical/bio stressors

Question 33

distress

Answer 33

occurs when experiencing unpleasant stressors

Question 34

eustress

Answer 34

result of positive conditions, include life events

Question 35

social readjustment rating scale

Answer 35

stress level can be measured in "life change units"

Question 36

psychological stressors (5)

Answer 36

pressure, control, predictability, frustration, conflict

Question 37

pressure stressors

Answer 37

experienced when expectations or demands are put in place from external source

Question 38

control stressors

Answer 38

ability to control one's surroundings reduces stress levels

Question 39

predictability stressors

Answer 39

people who cannot predict their daily scenarios are more stressed

Question 40

frustration stressors

Answer 40

occurs when attaining goal is prevented

Question 41

conflict stresses

Answer 41

need to make a choice

Question 42

approach approach conflict

Answer 42

need to choose between two good things

Question 43

avoidance avoidance

Answer 43

choose between two negative choices

Question 44

approach avoidance

Answer 44

deals with only one choice, goal, or event but outcome could have both positive and negative elements

Question 45

physiological response to stress

Answer 45

sympathetic nervous system responds initially - inc heart rate, dec digestion

Question 46

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 46

seq of physio responses, three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 47

alarm stage

Answer 47

initial reaction to stressor and activation of symp NS, hypo stimulates pituitary to secrete ACTH, adrenal cortex then releases cortisol (maintains blood sugar), adrenal medulla activated by hypo to secrete NE/E

Question 48

resistance

Answer 48

continuous release of hormones allows SNS to remain engaged to fight stressor

Question 49

exhaustion

Answer 49

body can no longer maintain an elevated response with SNS activity

Question 50

emotional response to stress

Answer 50

moody, tense, fearful, helpless, difficulty concentration/memory

Question 51

behavioral response to stress

Answer 51

withdrawing from others, difficulties at work/school, drugs, aggression, suicide. chronic stress leads to mental health disorders (depression/anxiety)

Question 52

problem focused strategy

Answer 52

involve working to overcome stressor - social support, confronting issue head on

Question 53

emotionally focused strategy

Answer 53

changing one's feeling about stressor - take responsibility for issue, self control, wishful thinking, positive reappraisal

Question 54

exercise

Answer 54

strong stress management tool, increases mood nc endorphins

Question 55

relaxation techniques (3)

Answer 55

meditation, diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation reduce stress