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1
Q

Mean square within

A

A measure of within-group variance or the degree to which subjects within the same experimental group differ from each other.

It is the denominator of the F ratio

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2
Q

Cultural universality

A

The assumption that Western concepts of normality and abnormality can be considered universal and equally applicable across cultures.

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3
Q

Methods used in motivational interviewing

A 
OARS
Open ended questions
Affirmations
Reflective listening
Summarizing

Also Eliciting Change Talk

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4
Q

Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal theory

A

Suggests that emotional reactions to a situation follow a cognitive assessment of the situation.

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5
Q

Brand name and type: Fluvoxamine

A

Luvox, SSRI

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6
Q

Doctrine of comparable work

A

States that workers should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth.

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7
Q

Most effective treatment for agoraphobia

A

In-vivo exposure therapy

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8
Q

Thee types of appraisal in Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal theory

A

1) Primary - one’s perception of the situation (positive, negative, irrelevant)
2) Secondary - Assessment of resources available to deal with the situation
3) Re-appraisal - Watching the situation and changing the other types of appraisals as necessary

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9
Q

Who is associated with Circular questioning

A

Milan systemic school of family therapy

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11
Q

When would you use an ANCOVA

A

When there is an extraneous variable that you want to control the effects for

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12
Q

Multicultural competence requires the following factors

A

1) Awareness
2) Knowledge
3) Skills

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13
Q

Teleology

A

Logic error which explains a phenomenon by saying that it was some spirit or higher power that causes the relationship

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14
Q

Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex is most likely associated with

A

Altered emotional behavior

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16
Q

Collaborative empiricism

A

A central technique of Beck’s CBT and refers to the therapist and client working together to gather evidence and test the logic of the client’s thoughts and beliefs.

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17
Q

High versus low scores on the K scale

A

High - defensive approach

Low - Unusually frank and self-critical approach

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18
Q

Need for achievement theory

A

Three needs underlie motivations

1) Need for achievement
2) Need for power
3) Need for affiliation

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19
Q

Prevalence rates of schizophrenia

A

1 in every 100 people

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20
Q

Animistic thinking

A

Believing that objects have lifelike qualities such as thoughts and feelings

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21
Q

Brand name and type: Escitalopram

A

Lexapro, SSRI

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22
Q

Path goal theory propose that

A

The best leadership style depends on certain characteristics of the situation

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23
Q

Attributions for depressed versus optimistic

A

Depressed - Internal, stable, global

Optimistic - external, unstable, specific

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24
Q

What does a schema therapist do when a client repeats dysfunctional schema-based patterns

A

The therapist confronts them empathically with reasons for changes and supplies a partial antidote to needs that were not adequately met in childhood. Referred to as limited reparenting

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25
Q

Strongest bond in a Hispanic American family

A

Parent and child

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26
Q

Best predictor of turnover

A

Biographical data

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27
Latent coding
Occurs when a researcher reads into the meaning of the content they are analyzing to get data rather than simply taking it at face value.
28
Requirements for Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder
The presence of one or more physical complaints that persist for 6 months or longer and cannot be fully explained by another mental disorder or physical illness
30
Side effects of Naltrexone
Nausea Headaches Dizziness
31
Factor analysis, rotating factors, and eigenvalues
In factor analysis rotating factors changes the factor loading for the variable and the eigenvalue for each factor although the total of the eigenvalues remains the same
32
Opponent-process theory of emotion
The brain avoids extremes of emotional experience by counteracting a strong positive or negative emotion with an opposite or opponent emotional response.
33
Bradykinesia/akinesia
Slowness and absence of movement
34
Team building
Designed to improve the problem-solving abilities of goal-oriented work groups. Goals are to increase motivation, increase team cohesiveness, reduce interpersonal conflict, and clarify team members’ roles
35
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
1) Slowed heart rate 2) Depression 3) Lethargy 4) Impaired concentration and memory
36
Holland theorizes
That workers will be happy and most productive when their personality matches the characteristics of the work environment.
38
EMG
Electromyogram Measures impulses in the muscles and indicates the degree of relaxation or contraction/tension
39
Best predictors of treatment outcome for substance abuse
Psychiatric severity and problem severity
40
Early maladaptive schemas
Self-defeating emotional and cognitive patterns that begin early in development and repeat throughout life
41
Damage to what area can lead to perseveration
Frontal lobe
42
Primary circular reactions
Repetitions of pleasurable actions and are characteristic of babies between 1-4 months of age
43
EEG
Electroencephalogram Provides information on brainwave activity and patterns.
44
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
1) Accelerated heart rate 2) Agitation 3) Nervousness 4) Fatigue 5) Insomnia
45
Lewinsohn’s theory proposes depression is associated with
A low rate of response-continent positive reinforcement.
46
Brand name and type: Duloxetine
Cymbalta, SSNRI
47
Hypokalemia
Low levels of potassium
48
What subtest of the WAIS is most impacted by TBI
Processing speed
49
Premack Principle
Using a frequently occurring behavior to reinforce an infrequently occurring one.
50
Factors that contribute to more rapid progression of HIV to AIDS
1) Lower IQ 2) Older age 3) Presence of somatic symptoms of depression
51
Deindividuation
The loss of a person’s identity and a loosening of normal restraints against deviant behavior. Occurs under conditions of anonymity
52
Cognitive-appraisal theory
One’s emotion at a given time depends on one’s interpretation of the situation one is in
53
When would you use a split-plot (mixed) ANOVA
When at least one IV is a between group variable and another IV is a within subjects variable
54
Hyperorexia
Excessive appetite
55
Overextension
When a child uses a specific word to mean something more general, such as the word hat meaning anything put on the head
56
When would you use a MANOVA
When the study has 2 or more DVs and at least 1 IV
57
K scale
Developed to identify test-takers’ attempts to deny psychopathology and present oneself favorably or to exaggerate psychopathology and appear unfavorably
58
Negative state-relief theory
States we engage in pro social behavior to relieve our own state of emotional distress at another’s plight
59
Individuals high in need for achievement seek:
1) Autonomy 2) Personal responsibility 3) Recognition of their efforts Tend to prefer moderately difficult goals and tasks.
60
When would you use a factorial ANOVA
Use to analyze data when a factorial design, which includes two or more IVs, is used and the DV is measured on an internal or ratio scale
60
Untreated diabetes mellitus results in
1) Increased appetite with weight loss 2) Apathy 3) confusion 4) Mental dullness 5) Polyuria 6) Polydipsia 7) increased susceptibility to infection
61
Agrammaticism
The loss of the ability to combine words into correct sentences
62
Centration
The tendency to focus on one detail while neglecting others
63
Symptoms of Cushing’s disease
1) Emotional lability 2) Memory loss 3) Depression 4) Obesity
64
Ego develops at what age
6 months
65
Effect of mood on peripheral messages
A positive mood, and sometimes fear, has been shown to increase the likelihood of attitude change
68
Tautology
Logic error based on circular reasoning, meaning that something is true by definition or the DV is simply a restatement of the IV
69
Reactance
The theory that a person will react against perceived threats to freedom by choosing a course of action that is the opposite of what he or she is being pressured to do.
70
Cultural encapsulation
When a therapist defines reality according to one set of cultural assumptions, becomes insensitive to cultural variations, disregards evidence disproving their assumptions, depends on technique-oriented or quick-fix solutions to problems and judges others from their own self-reference criteria
71
Rotation in factor analysis is used to
Obtain a pattern that’s easier to interpret since the pattern of factor loadings in the initial factor matrix is often difficult to interpret. It alters the magnitude of the factor loading
72
Opiate withdrawal symptoms
1) Dysphoric mood 2) Nausea 3) Muscle aches 4) Runny eyes and nose 5) Pupillary dilation 6) Sweating 7) Diarrhea 8) Fever 9) Insomnia
73
Overgeneralization
When grammatical rules are overextended, such as adding “s” to foot to form a plural
75
Hyperkinesis
Abnormally increased motor function or activity, hyperactivity
76
Circular questioning
Asking questions that highlight differences among family members or define relationships between them. Usually involves asking a member about their perceptions of the relationship between other members.
77
Manifest coding
Occurs in content analysis when coding content is based on the face-value rather than looking into the meaning
78
WDEP
``` Strategy used in Reality therapy W - Exploring wants and perceptions D - Direction or what client is doing E - Evaluate it bx is moving towards goal P - Planning ```
79
Type and example of selegiline
MAOI, Emsam (transdermal formulation)
80
Dissociative amnesia versus amnesia due to known physical causes
Dissociative amnesia typically includes: 1) memory loss is primarily autobiographical 2) cognitive abilities are usually preserved 3) Memory loss can be reversed 4) memory loss is usually for information acquired after the emotional trauma
81
Early onset OCD in children
Compulsions typically have an earlier onset than obsessions (1-2 years) Also associated with : Male preponderance Higher rate of comorbidity Greater familial loading for OCD Higher frequency of repeating compulsions Higher frequency of hoarding obsessions and compulsions
82
Highest suicide rates by ages for white versus African American males
White - 75+ | African Americans - 25-44
83
Side effects of propranolol
``` Bradycardia Hypotension Fatigue Sexual dysfunction Depression ```
84
Hypophonia
A weak voice due to incoordination of the vocal muscles
85
What does schema therapy address
The core psychological themes typical in individual with characterological disorders. Core themes are referred to as early maladaptive schemas
86
Patterson’s coercive family interactive model
Children initially learn aggressive behavior from their parents who model aggression through their use of harsh discipline and ignore or reinforce their child’s aggressiveness.
87
Results of discontinuing morphine
Flu like symptoms
88
Organizational development
A planned, organization-wide effort, managed from the top-down,designed to improve the organizational health and effectiveness by applying behavioral science knowledge. Target is the entire organization
89
EDR
Electrodermal response Measures skin surface changes, giving feedback on the relation between the emotional state and the activity of the sympathetic system via sweat gland activity
90
Percentage of child who exhibit signs of ADHD as adults
30-70%
91
Three stages of Meichenbaum’s stress inoculation training
1) Conceptualization 2) Skills Training 3) Application
92
Hypalgesia
A relative insensitivity to pain
93
Low LPC leaders are most effective when
The situation is either very favorable or very unfavorable
94
Inter group contact to reduce prejudice requires
1) frequent contact 2) Duration that allows meaningful relationships to develop 3) Equal status 4) Working towards a common goal 5) Social and institutional support
94
Purpose of stress inoculation training
To help people acquire the necessary skills to cope more effectively with stress
94
Order of positive effects from flextime
1) Absenteeism (.93) 2) productivity (.45) 3) Satisfaction with schedule (.32) 4) Job satisfaction (.15)
94
Alcohol abuse and dependence differences by gender
5:1 frequency men to women Females tend to start drinking heavily later in life than males and may develop disorders later
94
Tonic versus clonic phases
Tonic - Extension of limbs Clonic - Violent rhythmic contractions
94
Ipsative scores
Report an examinee’s scores using the examinee themself as a farm of reference.
94
Diagnosis of transient tic disorder
Motor and/or vocal tics lasting 4 weeks to 12 months
94
Mainstream American culture locus of control and responsibility
Both internal
94
Utility analysis is used to assess
The return on investment of training
96
Self-control therapy
A behavioral intervention that is used primarily to reverse undesirable habits and has also been found to be an effective treatment for depression
97
Dyspraxia
A lifelong disorder that affects a person’s development in the area of motor development. People with dyspraxia have difficulty planning and completing intended fine motor tasks.
98
Ecological fallacy
A logic error that occurs when trying to prove causation, levels of data are mismatched and statistics are applied at one level to infer data of another level.

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