7: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A, which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin)

Answer 1

acetyl CoA

Question 2

process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen

Answer 2

aerobic respiration

Question 3

process that does not use oxygen

Answer 3

anaerobic

Question 4

process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

Answer 4

anaerobic cellular respiration

Question 5

(also F1F0 ATP synthase) membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it

Answer 5

ATP synthase

Question 6

process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane

Answer 6

chemiosmosis

Question 7

series of enzyme- catalyzed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells for extraction of energy from carbohydrates

Answer 7

citric acid cycle

Question 8

removal of a phosphate group from a molecule

Answer 8

dephosphorylation

Question 9

process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen

Answer 9

fermentation

Question 10

integral membrane protein that transports glucose

Answer 10

GLUT protein

Question 11

process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH

Answer 11

glycolysis

Question 12

enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer

Answer 12

isomerase

Question 13

alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after Hans Krebs, who first identified the steps in the pathway in the 1930s in pigeon flight muscles

Answer 13

Krebs cycle

Question 14

production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis in the presence of oxygen

Answer 14

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP

Answer 15

phosphorylation

Question 16

molecule bound to a protein that facilitates the function of the protein

Answer 16

prosthetic group

Question 17

three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions; the end product of glycolysis

Answer 17

pyruvate

Question 18

chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction

Answer 18

redox reaction

Question 19

production of ATP from ADP using the excess energy from a chemical reaction and a phosphate group from a reactant

Answer 19

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 20

alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after the group name for citric acid, tricarboxylic acid

Answer 20

TCA cycle

Question 21

soluble electron transporter in the electron transport chain that connects the first or second complex to the third

Answer 21

ubiquinone