13: Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Question 1

individual with an error in chromosome number; includes chromosome segment deletions and duplications

Answer 1

aneuploid

Question 2

any of the non-sex chromosomes

Answer 2

autosome

Question 3

(also, map unit) relative distance that
corresponds to a 0,01 recombination frequency

Answer 3

centimorgan (cM)

Question 4

theory proposing that chromosomes are the genes’ vehicles and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed

Answer 4

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Question 5

detachment, 180° rotation, and chromosome arm reinsertion

Answer 5

chromosome inversion

Question 6

individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species

Answer 6

euploid

Question 7

process by which homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also crossing over

Answer 7

homologous recombination

Question 8

a karyotype’s photographic image

Answer 8

karyogram

Question 9

an individual’s chromosome number and appearance; includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position

Answer 9

karyotype

Question 10

otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing

Answer 10

monosomy

Question 11

failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the meiosis’ first cell division

Answer 11

nondisjunction

Question 12

progeny resulting from homologous recombination that exhibits a different allele combination compared with its parents

Answer 12

nonparental (recombinant) type

Question 13

inversion that occurs outside the centromere

Answer 13

paracentric

Question 14

progeny that exhibits the same allelic
combination as its parents

Answer 14

parental types

Question 15

inversion that involves the centromere

Answer 15

pericentric

Question 16

individual with an incorrect number of
chromosome sets

Answer 16

polyploid

Question 17

average number of crossovers between two alleles; observed as the number of nonparental types in a progeny’s population

Answer 17

recombination frequency

Question 18

process by which one chromosome segment dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome

Answer 18

translocation

Question 19

otherwise diploid genotype in which one entire chromosome duplicates

Answer 19

trisomy

Question 20

condensing X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose

Answer 20

X inactivation