7. Engines/APU

Question 1

Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

Thrust Rating

Answer 1

White – Manually set modes

Magenta – FMS modes and limits

Question 2

Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

TAT

Answer 2

White – Degrees Cº

Question 3

Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

EPR

Answer 3

White T – Throttle position

Magenta V – Computed EPR thrust

**Note: When the “T” fits in the “V” the throttle is set to the computed thrust rating

Question 4

Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

N1

Answer 4

White – Normally white, however, pointer and digits will turn red if N1 exceeds limits

Question 5

Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

TGT

Answer 5

White – Normally white, however, pointer and digits will turn amber if TGT limits are exceeded for more than 5 minutes – and will turn red if redline limits are exceeded

Cyan Lightning Bolt – indicates ignition is on

Red Start Limit – displayed during ground start

Question 6

Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

N2

Answer 6

White – Normally white, however, pointer and digits will turn red if N2 exceeds limits

Question 7

Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

Fuel Flow

Answer 7

White – Digital fuel flow indication

Cyan – FUEL OFF indicates engine fuel valve is closed

Question 8

Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

Oil Pressure

Answer 8

Green Arc – Displays valid range Digits are normally white but will turn amber or red to display abnormalities

Question 9

Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

Oil Temperature

Answer 9

Digits are normally white but will turn amber or red to display abnormalities

Question 10

Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

Oil Quantity

Answer 10

Cyan Indicator– Displays initial quantity for consumption reference

Digits are normally white but will turn amber to display abnormalities

Question 11

Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

Engine Vibration

Answer 11

Digits are normally white but will turn amber to display abnormalities

Question 12

Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

APU Information Block

Answer 12

APU parameters appear when APU MASTER Switch is in RUN and remain on during shutdown as long as APU inlet doors are open

Question 13

Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

% RPM Display

Answer 13

Digits are normally white but will turn red to display abnormalities

Question 14

Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding

% EGT Display

Answer 14

Digits are normally white but will turn red to display abnormalities

Question 15

Recall the rated thrust of the BR715 engine

Answer 15

21,000 lbs thrust

Question 16

Recall the engine starter duty cycle

Answer 16

Three start attempts, with a maximum of 3 minutes duration each

15 seconds is required between start attempts

Allow 15 minutes of starter cooling before further start attempts are made

Question 17

Recall the requirements for AUTO START

Answer 17

**Note: During an auto-start, the EEC controls all fuel metering and ignition to the respective engine once the ENG START Switch is pulled and the FUEL Switch is elected on. The auto-start includes an automatic 30 second engine motoring delay before fuel is introduced

**Note: Auto-Start also includes a TGT protection threshold and will not allow fuel introduction unless the respective TGT is below 150Cº

IGNITION Switch – AUTO

ENG START Switch—pulled

FUEL Switch – ON

Question 18

Recall reasons for an Auto Abort during an engine Auto Start

Answer 18

**Note: Auto Starts will automatically terminate and alert the crew for:

Hung Start

Starter malfunction

Hot Start (or impending hot start)

Fuel On condition not satisfied (TGT is above 150ºC)

Loss of valid N2 input

Certain failures of both channels of EEC

Question 19

Recall all inflight starts are MANUAL starts and not EEC controlled

Answer 19

AUTO ABORT start protections provided by the EEC are not available

during inflight starts – ALL inflight starts are MANUAL starts

Question 20

Recall the required engine warm up and cool down times

Answer 20

No minimum warm up time required following an engine shutdown of two hours or less

 A warm up of at least 3 minutes is recommended following shutdown periods exceeding two hours—HOWEVER–it is not necessary to delay takeoff if no abnormal engine indications exist

 Engines require a 3 minute cool down prior to shutdown. Verify ENGINE COOL alert message illuminated on EAD

Question 21

Recall approximate STD day engine indications after a stabilized start

Answer 21

EPR – 1.0

N1 – 20%

TGT – 400

N2 – 60%

FF – 6-700

Oil Press – 45

Question 22

Recall the primary FADEC function and its main components

Answer 22

The engines use a Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) to control engine functions from start to shutdown

 FADEC has three main components: throttle, throttle module, and Electronic Engine Control (EEC)

Question 23

Recall when the EEC will provide automatic ignition activation (auto-relight)

Answer 23

**Note: The EEC incorporates an automatic re-light function that is armed from engine start to shutdown

Automatic activation of BOTH ignition systems is activated if the following conditions are detected and maintained until the conditions no longer exist:

 Combustor instability

 Significant water/ice ingestion

 Flameout

**Note: Additionally, a SINGLE ignition system unit will be automatically energized for 60 seconds after either ENG anti-ice switch has been selected on

Question 24

Recall how to select EMERGENCY thrust

Answer 24

Emergency thrust is available by pushing the thrust levers through a mechanical gate

EPR will still be displayed, however, thrust management will be based on N1

 ATS will disconnect automatically and the QRH should be referenced for re-engagement

**Note: Thrust limits achieved at the forward throttle gate should be referred to as MAXIMUM power. EMERGENCY thrust = through the mechanical gate

Question 25

Recall features and indications of engine reverse thrust

Answer 25

**Note: The reversers will only deploy when the respective engine is running. However, when landing with an engine shut down, the reverser on the inoperative engine is permitted to deploy for 30 seconds after nose wheel compression

• When the reversers are out of the stowed position, the reverser unlock indications (U/L) are displayed on the EAD
• When the reversers are approximately 90% deployed, REV is displayed in green
• Built-in safety features should prevent uncommanded reverser deployment inflight, however, should this occur, the EEC will automatically reduce thrust on the affected engine to idle – and red REV will be displayed

Question 26

Recall how to select EMERGENCY REVERSE power

Answer 26

Emergency reverse thrust is obtained by pulling the reverse thrust levers through a mechanical gate (and holding them in position)

 When selected, engine damage can occur, and a maintenance inspection will be required

**Note: Amber REV alerts will appear on the EAD

Question 27

Recall function of the ENG EXCEEDANCE RESET Switch

Answer 27

The ENG EXCEEDANCE RESET button, when depressed, resets any exceedance on the EPR, N1, TGT, and N2 primary engine synoptic displays

Question 28

Recall the APU starter motor duty cycle

Answer 28

The APU starter duty cycle is limited to three consecutive start attempts

 Wait 30 minutes prior to further start attempts

Question 29

Recall the normal and back-up fuel supply for the APU

Answer 29

APU fuel is normally supplied from the right main tank

Using crossfeed, fuel can be supplied from the left tank

When center tank pumps are used to supply fuel to the APU, a right main tank fuel boost pump should also be operating

When center tank fuel value is less than 800 pounds, using center tank pumps can force air into the APU fuel line and cause APU flameout or prevent APU start

Question 30

Recall that an APU start incorporates an automatic delay

Answer 30

APU starts automatically delay approximately 40 seconds to allow the APU inlet door to open

Question 31

Recall that APU bleed air is inhibited for two minutes after an APU start

Answer 31

APU bleed air is automatically inhibited until 2 minutes after an APU start is initiated

Question 32

Recall how the APU shutdown cycle is verified complete

Answer 32

**Note: After turning the APU MASTER switch OFF ensure the APU shutdown cycle is complete by verifying the absence of the APU information block on the SD ENG display. This takes approximately 1 minute after APU RPM begins decreasing

Question 33

Recall considerations for shutting down the APU both with and without External Power available

Answer 33

**Note: With no external power, the BATT switch and EMER PWR selector must remain ON until APU shutdown is complete

**Note: With external power connected, the EXT power switch or the GROUND SERVICE ELEC PWR switch must remain ON until APU shutdown is complete

Question 34

Recall the APU continues to run for approximately 17 seconds while a No Power Break Transfer is performed

Answer 34

At normal shutdown, the APU continues to run for approximately 17 seconds while the electrical system performs a No Break Power Transfer (NBPT)

**Note: This delay is bypassed when the flight deck APU FIRE CONT toggle switch is moved to the OFF & AGENT ARM position OR when the exterior ground APU toggle switch is moved to the SHUT OFF position

**Note: It is also bypassed if an APU fire is detected

Question 35

Recall the automatic shutdown features of the APU for both ground and inflight faults

Answer 35

On the ground when conditions are present that could damage the APU, the APU automatically shuts down and the amber APU AUTO SHUTDOWN alert is displayed

 Inflight, the APU only automatically shuts down for an APU OVERSPEED or an APU COMPARTMENT FIRE. If an APU FAULT condition occurs inflight, the APU automatically shuts down 10 minutes after landing, unless shut down sooner by the pilot