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BDS2 BAMS Gastroenterology > 7. GI Infections > Flashcards

7. GI Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of GI infections (3)

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa

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2
Q

Diagnosis of H. pylori-associated GI infections (3)

A

Endoscopy and biopsy
Breath test
Serology

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3
Q

H. pylori treatment (3)

A

PPIs
Bismuth salts
Antibiotics (combo)

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4
Q

Definition of gastroenteritis

A

Non-specific term for various pathologic states of the GIT

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5
Q

Manifestation of gastroenteritis (2)

A

Diarrhoea (primary)

May be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

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6
Q

Symptoms of viral gastroenteritis (6)

A 
Abdominal cramps
Vomiting
Profuse watery stools
Myalgia
Fever
Headaches
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7
Q

Symptoms of bacterial dysentery gastroenteritis (5)

A 
Small volume stools
Fever
Tenesmus
Blood mucoid stools
Suprapubic pain
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8
Q

Definition of invasive infection

A

When the organism enters the mucosal cells, destroys them, causing diarrhoea usually with blood in the stool

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9
Q

Definition of enterotoxin syndromes

A

Organisms do not invade the mucosa, but produce enterotoxins which act as chemical mediators causing hypersecretion of fluid
Little tissue damage occurs

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10
Q

What is norovirus

A

Non-enveloped single stranded RNA virus

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11
Q

Norovirus transmission

A

Faecal-oral route

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12
Q

Incubation period of norovirus

A

1-2 days

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13
Q

Clinical presentation of norovirus (3)

A

Abrupt onset of vomiting, watery diarrhoea
Fever (hot/cold)
Abdominal pain

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14
Q

Norovirus management (2)

A

Self-limitng

Correct fluid/electrolyte balance

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15
Q

Types of salmonella (3)

A

Gastroenteritis
Enteric fever (typhoid fever)
Bacteraemia

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16
Q

Salmonella incubation period

A

8-48 hours

17
Q

Symptoms of salmonella (4)

A

Generally asymptomatic
Cramps
Water/bloody diarrhoea
Fever, sometimes with vomiting

18
Q

Salmonella diagnosis

A

Stool samples

19
Q

Salmonella treatment

A

Supportive (IV hydration)

20
Q

C. diff microbiology (2) - type of organism

A

Gram positive spore forming bacillus

Obligate anaerobe

21
Q

C. diff transmission (2)

A

Faecal-oral route

Person-to-person contact in hospitals

22
Q

C. diff clinical manifestations

A

CDI

23
Q

CDI symptoms (5)

A 
Median time between exposure to onset of symptoms is 2-3 days
Watery diarrhoea 
Loss of appetitie
Fever
Nausea
Abdominal pain and cramping
24
Q

CDI risk factors (8)

A

Exposure to antimicrobials/healthcare (past 2-3 months)
Infection with toxigenic strains of C. diff
>64yrs old
Underlying illness
Immunosuppression (HIV)
Chemotherapy
Tube feds and GI surgery
Exposure to gastric acid suppression medications

25
Q

C. diff treatment (5)

A 
Oral rehydration
Antibiotics
Probiotics
Colectomy
Faecal transplants
26
Q

Preventing GI infections (3)

A

Safe food handling and handwashing
Infection control protocols
Surveillance

BDS2 BAMS Gastroenterology (7 decks)

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