7 - INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Question 1

methods/techniques used by a teacher to deliver the lesson (how)

Answer 1

Teaching strategies/methods

Question 2

objects/vehicles by which information is communicated (what)

Answer 2

Instructional materials

Question 3

Functions of Instructional Materials

Answer 3

1. Supplement the act of teaching and the role of the educator
2. Deliver the message clearly, accurately, and in a timely manner
3. Help reinforce information and simplify complex messages
4. Stimulates a learner’s senses
5. Add variety, realism, and enjoyment to the teaching-learning experience

Question 4

3 Components of Instructional Materials

Answer 4

1. Delivery System
2. Content
3. Presentation

Question 5

Includes both the software or physical form and the hardware used in the presentation

Answer 5

Delivery System

Question 6

• Actual information being taught
• Several factors to consider when choosing the content:
  1. Accuracy
  2. Appropriateness of the medium
  3. Appropriateness of the difficulty level

Answer 6

Content

Question 7

Form through which the content is taught/communicated

Answer 7

Presentation

Question 8

most concrete form of presentation

Answer 8

Realia

Question 9

different videos, pictures, illustrations; close to reality

Answer 9

Illusionary representation

Question 10

graphs, tables, pure text

Answer 10

Symbolic representation

Question 11

More concrete form of presentation

Answer 11

realia —> symbolic representations

Question 12

More abstract form of presentation

Answer 12

symbolic representations —> realia

Question 13

Types of Instructional Materials

Answer 13

1. Written materials
2. Demonstration materials
3. Audiovisual materials

Question 14

• Most widely used
• Most accessible
• Most common
• Described as “frozen language”

Answer 14

Written materials

Question 15

two types of written materials

Answer 15

1. Commercially-prepared materials
2. Self-composed materials

Question 16

manuals of product packagings

Answer 16

Commercially-prepared materials

Question 17

textbooks, lab manuals

Answer 17

Self-composed materials

Question 18

Considerations when evaluating printed materials:

Answer 18

• Nature of the audience
• Literacy level required
• Linguistic variety available
• Clarity and brevity
• Layout and appearance
• Opportunity for repetition
• Concreteness and familiarity — active voice present tense

Question 19

Advantages of written materials

Answer 19

• Readily available as a reference
• Widely used and familiar at all levels of society
• Easy obtained
• Provided in convenient forms
• Available in multiple languages
• Controlled pacing by the reader

Question 20

Disadvantages of written materials

Answer 20

• Abstract
• Limited immediate feedback
• May be difficult to be understood by some
• Inappropriate for students with visual impairments

Question 21

Visible hands-on media

Answer 21

Demonstration materials

Question 22

Two types of demonstration materials

Answer 22

1. Models
2. Displays and posters

Question 23

• 3D objects
• Allow the learners to apply knowledge and psychomotor skills through observation, examination, manipulation, handling, and assembly/disassembly

Answer 23

models

Question 24

physical models (dummy arm)

Answer 24

replicas

Question 25

simulation models/virtual programs (virtual laboratories)

Answer 25

analogues

Question 26

diagrams, pictures, animated cartoons

Answer 26

symbols

Question 27

advantages of models

Answer 27

* Allows learners to practice without fear * Stimulates active involvement * Provides immediate testing of psychomotor and cognitive behaviors * Allows learners to receive instant feedback * Appeals to learners who prefer hands-on learning experience

Question 28

disadvantages of models

Answer 28

* Not suitable for students with poor abstract learning skills/visual impairments * Can be fragile, bulky, and expensive

Question 29

* 2D objects * Used to convey simple/short messages and to reinforce important topics * Ex: whiteboards, posters, bulletins, pubmats

Answer 29

Displays and posters

Question 30

advantages of displays and posters

Answer 30

* Attracts attention and quickly gets an idea across * Flexible, easily modified, and reusable * Portable and easily assembled * Stimulates interest * Influences cognitive and affective behaviors

Question 31

disadvantages of displays and posters

Answer 31

* May take up a lot of space * Time consuming to prepare * Not suitable for large audiences * Can only include limited amount of information * Not effective for teaching psychomotor skills

Question 32

* Fastest-growing category of instructional tools * Support and enrich the learning process through seeing and hearing * Instill visual memories * Known to increase understanding and retention

Answer 32

Audiovisual materials

Question 33

use of two or more types of learning models (audio, visual, or animation) that can be accessed in a computer

Answer 33

Multimedia Learning

Question 34

combination of e-learning and traditional teaching methods (lecture)

Answer 34

Blended Learning

Question 35

Types of audiovisual materials

Answer 35

1. projected learning resources 2. audio learning resources 3. video learning resources 4. telecommunications learning resources 5. computer learning resources

Question 36

Radio, podcasts

Answer 36

Audio learning resources

Question 36

Powerpoint presentations

Answer 36

Projected learning resources

Question 37

Streaming videos, webinars

Answer 37

Video learning resources

Question 38

Educational TV shows, hotlines

Answer 38

Telecommunications learning resources

Question 39

Educational softwares, online modules

Answer 39

Computer learning resources

Question 40

common disadvantage of using audiovisual materials

Answer 40

may be expensive to use