7- Sensory-Motor Integration Flashcards
What do cones and rods do in the retina
- Transduce the physical energy of the light into a depolarisation of retinal ganglion cells resulting in trains of action potentials in the optic nerve.
- Hyperpolarized by light
What is the resting potential of cones and rods
Have resting potential closer to 0mV than most neurons
Where do the optic nerves project to
- The lateral geniculate nucleus
- Then to the primary visual cortex
How do optic nerve fibres from the nasal half of the retina project to
- contralaterally
- Cross the midline
How do optic nerve fibres from the temporal half of the retina project to
- ipsilaterally
- do not cross at the optic chiasm.
Where is the motor cortex
Back of frontal lobe
Where is the supplementary area (and also premotor area)
In front of the motor cortex
Frontal eye fields help with?
Voluntary control of gaze direction
The basal ganglia includes what
- The caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- The substantia nigra
Saccades require what
Disinhibition of superior colliculus
Disinhibition of superior colliculus are caused by
Pause of firing of cells within substantia nigra
What do the motor loop and oculomotor loop have in common
- Additional cortical output to brainstem motor control areas
- For the oculomotor loop, include the superior colliculus.
What do three further loops do
Connect cortical areas involved in cognition and emotion with the basal ganglia.
What is the function of the basal ganglia in relation to motor control?
- Initiation and termination of actions
- Selection of actions
- Relating actions to reward or reinforcement value
Muscle contraction- what is released at the muscle end plate
- Acetylcholine
- Binds to nicotinic receptors
- Opens sodium channels
