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Hazmat For 1st Responders > 7 Terrorist Attacks, Criminal Activites, Disaster > Flashcards

7 Terrorist Attacks, Criminal Activites, Disaster Flashcards

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1
Q

Traditional terrorist tactics

A

Assassination, armed assault, bombing.

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2
Q

Wmd

A

Mass casualty using toxic or poison chem, disease/ bio, radiological

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3
Q

Wmd threat mostly comes from

A

Established nations with structures and resources to manufacture, not terrorists

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4
Q

Possible wmd types

A 
Explosives 
Bio toxins- ricin
Industrial chemicals
Bio pathogens- plague
Radiological- dirty bomb
Military grade chem weapons
Nuclear weapons
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5
Q

Greatest wmd threat

A

Explosives, weapon of choice

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6
Q

Responders are most like to encounter what type of explosive

A

IED improvised explosive device

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7
Q

Shock front

A

Boundary between pressure disturbance, created by explosion, and ambient atmosphere water or earth

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8
Q

Blast pressure wave

A

Shock wave from rapidly expanding gas in explosion. 13,000 mph

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9
Q

Two phases to explosion blast pressure wave

A

Positive pressure and negative pressure phase.

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10
Q

Positive pressure blast phase

A

Shock front leads, outward force

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11
Q

Negative pressure blast phase

A

Suction phase. Displaced air rushes in to fill vacuum left at center of explosion. Lasts three times longer than positive. Less damaging.

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12
Q

Detonation

A

Supersonic thermal decomposition accompanied by shockwave. Explosion where Energy travels faster than sound

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13
Q

High explosives

A 
Detonation. 3300-29,900 fps plastic explosives 
Ntg
Tnt
Blasting caps
Dynamite
Ammonium nitrate fuel oil. Anfo
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14
Q

Low explosives

A

Fast decomposition but not explosive effect unless confined. Commonly used as propellants in small spaces, bullets, fire works

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15
Q

Deflagration

A

Fast burning, black powder

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16
Q

Primary explosives

A

Heat sensitive, easily initiated, used as detonators.
Lead azide
Mercury fulminate
Lead styphnate

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17
Q

Secondary explosives

A

Detonate under specific circumstances, usually activated by primary explosives. Less sensitive to stimuli
Tnt

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18
Q

Tertiary explosives (blasting agents)

A

Very insensitive based on ammonium nitrate. Secondary activation.

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19
Q

Key differences for terror attacks

A

Intent- try to inflict mass harm.
Severity and complexity- mass casualties, possible radiological
Crime scene management- preserve evidence
Command structure- unified command, law enforcement in charge
Secondary/ armed resistance- weapons booby traps, targeted responders

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20
Q

First responders are most likely to encounter what type of explosive

A

Improvised. Or homemade

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21
Q

Two types of peroxide based explosives

A 
Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine HMTD
acetone peroxide (triacetonetriperoxide TATP)
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22
Q

Peroxide based explosives are made by mixing

A

Acetone, concentrated hydrogen peroxide, and either hydrochloric or sulfuric acid

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23
Q

Potassium chloride is 83% the power of tnt. It can be found

A

In fireworks, chemical supply houses, printing, dying, steel, weed killer, matches.

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24
Q

Urea nitrate

A

Concentrated urine or urea and nitric acid, sulfuric acid used in processing.

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25
Ied types
``` Vehicle Pipe bomb Backpack/ suitcase etc Person Bourne Mail package or letter Plastic bottle Fireworks M bombs (m80) 12 gram co2 bombs (crickets) Tennis ball Other ```
26
Concerning signs toward ID ieds
Containers with unknown liquids Attached devices, circuit boards, wires cell phones Devises containing quantities of fuses, fireworks, match heads, black powder, etc Fragmentation surrounding objects, like nails bolts or ball bearing Blasting caps, detcord, commercial or military explosives
27
Signs of suicide bomber,
Nervousness or anxious behavior pertains to their clothes and movement Bulky chest or belt areas Unreasonable attire, like a coat in summer Exposed wires
28
Fbi ALERT possible bomber
``` Alone and nervous Lose bulky clothing Exposed wires, maybe in sleeve Rigid midsection Tightened hands (holding trigger) ```
29
First priority after suspected bomber is incapacitated or killed
Do not approach, clear and isolate, observe at distance
30
Within 300' of suspected explosive or vehicle ied, what shouldn't be used
Radios, cell phones, mobile data terminals, | possible trigger frequency
31
Two types of chemicals used in chem attacks
Chemical warfare/ chemical agents | And toxic industrial materials TIMs
32
Types of chemical agents
``` Nerve Blister (vesicants) Blood (cyanide) Choking (pulmonary) Riot control (irritants) Toxic industrial material TIM ```
33
Although sometimes called nerve gas, nerve agents are actually
Liquid at room temp and are aerosolized for use. Generally clear and odorless
34
Tabun
Nerve, low volatility, persistent, skin or inhaled
35
Sarin
Nerve, volatile, non persistent, inhaled
36
Soman
Nerve, moderately volatile, absorb or inhale
37
Cyclohexyl sarin
Nerve, low volatility, persistent, skin, inhale
38
V agent, VX
Nerve, low volatility, persistent, remains on things long time. Skin, inhalation,
39
Nerve agents have low vapor pressure and therefore
Will not travel far
40
Blister agents act upon
Eyes, mucous membranes, lungs, skin, blood forming organs
41
Blister agents are more likely to produce what in a population
More Casualties than fatalities
42
Blister agents are persistent and may take
Weeks to evaporate
43
Blister agent groups
``` Mustard Sulfur Nitrogen Arsenical vesicants Lewisite Mustard/ lewisite mix Phenyldichloroarsine Halogenated oximes Phosgene oxime ```
44
Blood agents are
Chemical asphyxiants, physically interfering with cell ability to use or carry O2
45
Blood agents are sometimes classed the same as cyanogen agents, however
Not all are cyanogens, Arsine is not
46
Arsine
Blood, arsenic and acid
47
Hydrogen cyanide
Blood, high volatility, flammable, soluble. Less dense than air, bitter almonds
48
Cyanogen chloride
Blood, high volatility, heavier than air, pungent, non persistent
49
Choking agents
Chlorine, phosgene
50
Chlorine
Choking, gas heavier than air. Pressurized liquid. Yellow green, reactive, not liquid long
51
Phosgene
Choking, smells fresh cut hay- lethal smell. Most chem death in wwi. Gas at room temp, liquid under pressure or cool. Boiling point 48F, volatile. Heavier than air. Won't remain liquid
52
Riot control agents are all in what form
Solids requiring aerosolized
53
Incapacitants
Riot control, Cns stim or suppressant
54
Vomiting agent
Riot control, Diphenylchlorasine Diphenylaminearsine chloride Diphenylcyracine
55
Tim, toxic industrial material
Toxic industrial chem produced in quantities exceeding 30 tons per year at one facility. Greater threat than chemical warfare agents
56
As provided by osha, TIMs are categorized:
High hazard, high toxic, easy vapor, widely produced Medium hazard, high rank is some cat. Lower in others like physical state and tox Low hazard, not a likely hazard unless operwtional factors indicate
57
Primary objective at chemical attack
Do greatest good for greatest number
58
UN/dot, classify bio agents and toxins under what hazard class
6.2
59
Potential bio agents are divided into three classes
A, b, c
60
Class a bio hazard
Easily disseminated to transferred High mortality rate, public health risk Cause Panic and social disruption Special action for health preparedness
61
Cat B bio hazards
Moderate dissemination Moderate morbidity, low mortality Enhance cdc diagnostic, and disease surveillance
62
Category c bio hazards
Availability, ease of production and dissemination high mortality
63
List of class c bio agents.
``` Nipah virus Hanta virus Tickbourne hemorrhagic fever Tick encephalitis Yellow fever Drug resistant TB ```
64
How to tell Difference between chem and bio attack
Chem rapid onset symptoms, dead foliage and wildlife/ bugs | Bio, long onset, days, many people effected popping up
65
Disease transmission methods
``` Airborne Contact with droplets Direct contact, with person Indirect contact, with surfaces Ingestion of food or water contaminated Vectors- carrier animals ```
66
Until the presence or nature of a bio attack pathogen is known a first responder should use what precautions
Universal precautions, once known, upgrade to necessary precautions
67
Indoor bio attacks may be contained using these methods
Turn off vent systems Close door windows Turn off elevator Seal ducts windows doors with tape plastic and foam
68
Outdoor bio attacks can be contained using
Covering dispersal device Decon agent with bleach and water Secure device in sealed hazmat recovery bin
69
Operations to ensure bio containment
Initial containment of affected persons Decon victims Register all involved for follow up
70
Only way of confirming radiological incident
Monitoring equipment
71
Radiation emitting device RED
Gamma emitting device in high profile area
72
Radiological dispersal device RDD
Dispersal device of radioactive material
73
Radiological dispersal weapons
Spreads radioactive material without explosives | Pressurized containers or vent systems.
74
Improvised nuclear device
AkA nuclear device, nuclear weapons are country owned
75
Improvised nuclear devices. INDs properly made have yields of .
10-20 kilotons
76
Nuclear attacks are impeded because
Building one is difficult | They are heavy, hundreds of pounds to tons, suitcases are very difficult to make
77
Suitcase bomb
Portable nuke 24x16x8" 0,5-2 kilotons- 6 mile square
78
Radiological incidents generally start with local ICS but develop into
Unified command structure of multiple agencies and jurisdictions.
79
Radiological incident tactics
Apparatus upwind Secure area, no unauthorized access Alert to small explosives to disseminate agent Time, Distance and shielding protection Ppe scba Establish Background radiation level outside incident Do no overhaul and clean up, preserve scene
80
Time radiation protection
Decrease exposure time
81
Distance radiation protection
Doubling distance decreases dose by factor of four. Covers more area, less potent, inverse square law
82
Shielding, radiation protection
Put barrier between. Masonry buildings, 50 reduction in one story building, 90 percent below ground.
83
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable method
Time distance shielding reduction method of exposure
84
Rule of seven radiation exposure
0 hrs - 100 7 - 10 49 (2 days) - 1.0 343 (14 days)- 0.1
85
Problems and hazards with illegal hazmat dumps
Unlabeled containers Mixed chemicals Aged chemicals Environment contamination
86
For criminal activities, law enforcement should be notified when
As soon as deemed crime
87
Methods of evidence preservation
``` Don't touch unless necessary Don't disturb area unless victim rescue What scene looked like and details of progress Document quickly Photos document anything touched or moved Minimize number of workers in area Leave fatalities and area alone Isolate and secure evidence areas Evidence collection points ```
88
Issues after natural disaster that may cause mis identification of materials
Missing placards

Hazmat For 1st Responders (12 decks)

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