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Hazmat For 1st Responders > 1 Intro To Hazmat > Flashcards

1 Intro To Hazmat Flashcards

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1
Q

OSHA reg in title 29 code of federal regulations (CFR) 1910.120

A

Hazardous waste operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER)

Paragraph q for awareness and operations level

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2
Q

Hazardous material

A

Any material or substance that poses an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of persons and the environment if not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, transportation, use or disposal.

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3
Q

Dangerous goods

A

What hazmat is referred to in Canada and other countries

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4
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational safety and health administration

Federal agency that develops and enforces workplace safety standards

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5
Q

OSHA and epa require special training for first responders to hazmat,

A

HAZWOPER

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6
Q

Epa regulation in title 40 CFR 311, worker protection provides

A

Protection for responders in states not covered by osha

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7
Q

Standards of nfpa are not law and are only used if

A

Adopted by authority having jurisdiction AHJ

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8
Q

A first responder by law, the employer must meet hazwoper requirements true false

A

True

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9
Q

Nfpa 472 and HAZWOPER identifies two levels of training

A

Awareness and operations

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10
Q

Operations level

A

Training established by Oshawa allowing first responders to take defensive action at hazmat incidents

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11
Q

Nfpa 472 May be trained to core competency levels, operations core or beyond, operations mission specific. Some of the specifics competencies are

A 
Ppe
Mass Decon
Technical Decon 
Evidence preservation and sampling 
Product control
Air monitoring and sampling
Victim rescue and recovery
Response to illicit lab incidents
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12
Q

OSHA defines three levels above operations level

A

Hazmat tech
Hazmat specialist
On scene IC OIC

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13
Q

Nfpa 472 id’s five levels above operations level

A 
Hazmat tech plus three specialties 
Hazmat branch officer
Hazmat branch safety officer 
Hazmat IC
Private sector specialist employee
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14
Q

OSHA considered personnel trained to awareness and operations level to be

A

First responders

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15
Q

Nfpa 472 uses what word to refer to someone at the awareness level

A

Personnel as opposed to the Oshawa first responder title

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16
Q

Individuals trained to awareness level are first arriving to scene and are expected to assume what responsibilities at hazmat incident

A

Recognize presence of possible hazmat
Recognize type of container at site and material in it
Transmit info to appropriate or call for appropriate authority
Id actions to protect themselves and others
Establish scene control by isolating area and denying entry

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17
Q

Operations level includes awareness responsibilities plus

A

Id hazmat involved
Analyze incident to determine nature and extent of problem
Protect themselves, public, environment and property from release
Plan a response or defensive action to address problems
Implement planned response to mitigate or control release at safe dist
Evaluate progress of actions to ensure objectives are met

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18
Q

Operations can perform offensive actions with

A

Gasoline
diesel,
Natural gas
Lpg

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19
Q

Acute exposure

A

Single or several repeated exposures within short time period

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20
Q

Chronic exposure

A

Long term or reoccurring

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21
Q

Acute health effects

A

Show up in hours or days

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22
Q

Chronic health effects

A

Long term that take years to develop. Like cancer

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23
Q

The following have potential to cause harm TRACEM

A 
Thermal hazards
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological/biological
Mechanical
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24
Q

Chemical hazards

A 
Poison/toxin
Corrosives
Irritants
Convulsants
Carcinogens
Sensitizers/allergens
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25
Oxidization
Chen process that occurs when substance combines with oxygen Rust
26
Polymerization
Rxn where two or more molecules chemically combine forming larger molecules often violent rxn
27
Liquefied gas
When at charging pressure is partially liquified at 70 degrees f
28
Cryogen, sometimes called refrigerated liquefied gas
Turns into liquid at or below -130 f at 14.7 psi
29
Common cryogenics
``` Liquid oxygen, LOX nitrogen Helium Hydrogen Argon Liquified natural gas LNG ```
30
Fluorine is also a cryogenic, but has hazardous properties including
Corrosive, oxidizer and poison
31
Corrosive material,
Burn irritate or destroy skin and corrode steel
32
Cryo spills will
Boil and/or pool and turn into gas do vapor cloud
33
Anhydrous ammonia
Refrigerant in storage facilities, cold injuries, toxic, vapors can ignite
34
Molten aluminum. Is shipped in containers at over what temp
1300f
35
Dot defines elevated temp material as when offered for transportation or when done so in bulk it has one of following properties
Liquid phase at above 212f Liquid phase with flashpoint at or above 100f and intentionally heated for transportation. Or is transported above flashpoint Solid phase at or above 464f
36
Non ionizing radiation
Energy waves composed of electric and magnetic fields, visible light and radio waves
37
Ionizing radiation
Radiation that has enough energy to remove electrons form atoms causing chemical change in atom. Most dangerous to first responders
38
Types of ionizing radiation
Alfa Beta Gamma Neutron
39
Alpha Rays
Energetic positively charged particles emitted from nucleus during radioactive decay that rapidly lose energy when passing through materials. Common with heaviest radioactive material like uranium
40
Aloha particles are stopped by what but hazardous if
Stopped by human skin but harmful if inhaled or ingested
41
Beta radiation
Fast moving positively or negatively charged electrons emitted from nucleus during radioactive decay. Tritium, carbon 14, strontium
42
Beta particles can be stopped by skin or clothing but are hazardous because
They can be ingested or inhaled and they can travel up to 20'
43
Gamma radiation
High energy photons often accompanying alpha and beta discharges, have neither charge or mass and are very penetrating. Potassium-40, cobalt-60, iridium-192, cesium-137.
44
Gamma waves can pass through
The body, but absorbed by tissue, 2' of concrete, several feet of earth, and up to around 2" of lead.
45
Neutron radiation
Ultra high energy particles with physical mass but no charge. Mission creates it along with gamma.
46
Contamination
Condition of impurity resulting from contact or mixture with foreign substance.
47
Exposure
Contact with a substance by swallowing breathing or touching skin and eyes. May be acute, intermediate or chronic
48
Contaminant
Any foreign substance that compromises the purity of something.
49
Chronic radiation dose
Small amounts of radiation over long period of time. Body is better equipped for it than acute, has time to replace damaged or dead cells with new ones. Can also cause cancer
50
Simple asphyxiants
Gasses displace oxygen, can dilute or displace O2 in body
51
Chemical asphyxiants
Bro hint body from using oxygen. Cyanide or co
52
Likelihood of adverse health from chemical exposure depends on
Toxicity of chemical Pathway or route of exposure Nature and extent of exposure Personal susceptibility factors like age or illness
53
Local toxic effect
Chen inj at site of contact
54
Acid
Compound containing hydrogen that reacts with water to produce hydrogen ions. Compound with ph less than 7. From 0-6.9 ph
55
Except liquid and gas fuels what composes the largest class by volume
Corrosives
56
Corrosives are divided into two categories
Acids | Bases
57
Bases are sometimes called
Alkalis | Caustics
58
Hydrogen peroxide is neither
Acid or base
59
Base
Ph of 8 to 14 Corrosive water soluble compound containing group forming hydroxide ions in water solution that reacts with acid to form a salt
60
Way bases do damage
Breaks down fatty tissue and penetrates deep, tend to adhere to eye tissue. Not immediate pain, grease or slick skin because of fat breaking down
61
Hydrochloric acid reacts with metal to form
Explosive hydrogen gas
62
Acids and bases react violently when
Mixed with each other or water
63
Irritants
Toxins that cause temporary but sometimes severe inflammation to soft tissues and mucous membranes
64
Known or suspected carcinogens
Polyvinyl chloride PVC, benzene, asbestos, chlorinated hydrocarbons, arsenic, nickel, pesticides, plastics.
65
Sensitizers
Chemicals that cause a developed allergic reaction after one or more exposures. Latex, bleach, urushiol (poison ivy, oak, sumac)
66
Rickettsias
Bacterial that live in gi tracts of anthropoids like ticks and felas. Smaller than most bacteria but larger than viruses. Can cause Rocky Mountain fever or typhus
67
Infectious
Able to be transmitted to people
68
Contagious
Readily transmissible infectious disease from close contact or proximity
69
Biotoxins
Produced by living organisms, ricin, botulinum
70
Two most common types of mechanical hazard is
Striking and friction
71
Reactivity/instability
Ability of two or more chemicals to react and release energy and the ease at which the reaction takes place
72
In hazmat situations, contact between skin and clothes can cause what type of injury
Friction
73
An explosion can cause the following four hazards, (three mechanical one thermal)
Blast pressure, shock wave Shrapnel, fragmentation Seismic effect Incendiary thermal effect
74
5 routes of entry
``` Inhalation Ingestion Skin contact Injection Absorption ```
75
Comprehensive environmental response compensation and liability act (CERCLA)
U.S. law that created tax on the chemical and petroleum industries and provided broad federal authority to respond to releases or threats of release of hazardous substances that threaten public health or environment. Often called the superfund. Tax went to trust fund to pay for cleaning up abandoned or uncontrolled haz waste sites
76
Four main agencies regulating hazmat
Department of transportation DOT environmental protection agency EPA department of labor DOL Nuclear regulatory commission NRC
77
CERCLA was responsible for what actions
Established prohibitions an requirements concerning closed and abandoned waste sites. Provided liability of those who release was waste at the sites. Trust fund to pay for cleanup when responsible party isn't found
78
Law authorizes two response actions for haz waste removal
Short term actions for release that require prompt response | Long therm remedial permanently reduce dangers from release that is hazardous but not immediately life threatening.
79
SARA was responsible for what actions
Importance of permanent remedies and tech cleaning up haz waste Consider standards and requirements fore clean up in other states New enforcement authorities and settlement tools Increased state involvement. Increased focus on human health issues from release Greater citizen participation on how to clean up Increase trust fund to 8.5 billion
80
Department of labor is responsible for
Overseeing us labor laws.
81
Department of energy
Manages national nuclear research and defense programs including storage of high level nuclear waste
82
Department of homeland security DHS has three missions
Prevent terror attack in us Reduce terror vulnerability Minimize damage from potential attacks and natural disaster.
83
FEMA federal emergency management agency and coast guard USCG are located under what agency
Department of homeland security
84
Consumer product safety commission CPSC
Oversees and enforces compliance with federal hazardous substance act. FHSA. requires household products with hazmat in them to have warning and use protection labels
85
Department of defense explosives safety board, provides
Oversight on dev, manufacture, testing, maintaining, demilitarization, handling, storage , transport of explosives and chemical agents
86
Alcohol tobacco firearms and explosives ATF
Enforces federal law concerning that stuff. Including arson.
87
Department tent of justice. DOJ
Assigns responsibility for operational response to terrorism to fbi FBI investigates theft of hazmats Evidence collection Prosecutes criminal violations of hazmat law and regulation
88
Records have shown majority of hazmat incidents involve the following products
Flammable combustible liquid, petroleum prod, paint prod, resin, adhesives Corrosives, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Sodium hydroxide Anhydrous ammonia Chlorine
89
Stats show majority of incidents occur in transport and of those the majority are
On the highway

Hazmat For 1st Responders (12 decks)

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