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K 7th Grade > 7-Western Cultures-Rome-Study Guide-Vocab > Flashcards

7-Western Cultures-Rome-Study Guide-Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

mundus`

A

meeting point for worlds of the living and dead; marked by stone

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2
Q

Necropolis:

A

cemetery area; contains many tombs

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3
Q

catacomb

A

underground tombs carved in the rock

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4
Q

soothsayers

A

people who predict the future

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5
Q

omens

A

signs that predict the future

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6
Q

fasces

A

bundle of rods/stick bound around an axe symbolzing authority

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7
Q

triumph

A

procession honoring a hero; parade from battle

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8
Q

Forum

A

public square with palace, government buildings, and courts j

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9
Q

cuniculus

A

irrigation; trench cut underground with shafts dug downward

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10
Q

voussoirs

A

wedge-shaped stones used in Etruscan arches

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11
Q

pier

A

pillar-llike bases used in Etruscan arches

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12
Q

Romulus

A

mythical character who established Rome, killed Remus (brother)

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13
Q

Palatine Hill

A

hill where the first settlement of Rome was built

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14
Q

Capitoline Hill

A

center of Roman government

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15
Q

Latins

A

legendary founders of Rome (along with Trojans)

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16
Q

Etruscans

A

people from Etruria, Italy’s first civilized people

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17
Q

Describe an Etruscan city (architecture)

A

houses on hilltops surrounded by walls
bridges using arches
laid foundations for Rome’s first sewer system

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18
Q

Etruscan society (people) were:

A 
Culturally advanced
Relative equality and freedom for women
Women could own property
Monarchy
Very Religious
Farmers
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19
Q

What was the Etruscan funeral custom? What did it become?

A

Etruscan slaves fought to the death at funerals
fights between armed men or man vs. animals
winner was sacrificed
foundation for Rome’s gladiatorial games

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20
Q

Who was Lucius Tarquinius?

A

First Etruscan ruler of Rome, dynasty ruled for a century

Who was Tarquin Superbus ?

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21
Q

Who was Tarquin Superbus “The Proud”?

A

Last Etruscan ruler

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22
Q

List aspects of Roman culture that came from the Etruscans:

A

alphabet arch
language tunnels/dams/irrigation system
walled hilltop cities belief in omens
gladiatorial games

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23
Q

Consul

A

(2) headed the Roman Republic; military leaders

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24
Q

Senate

A

powerful governing body behind the consuls; proposed laws

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25
Lictors
Senators' bodyguards
26
Assemblies
protected rights of the plebeians; all Romans belonged
27
Tribune
protected plebeian rights
28
Patricians
member of Rome's upper class; Fathers of the State; Wealthiest
29
Plebeians
members of Rome's lower class; many; Conflict of the Orders
30
Twelve Tables
Foundation for all future Roman law; placed in Forum
31
Legionaries
members of a legion- group of 4,200 to 5,000 soldiers: able to leave main body of group each soldier was independent bult camp (castrum) before going to sleep
32
Who fought in the Punic Wars?
Rome (Italy) v. Carthage (North Africa)
33
What started the Punic wars
Carthage rose to power by taking over Phoenician colonies. Mamertines took control of Messina on Sicily. Mamertines turned to Carthage for help controlling Messina. Then they appealed to Rome for help This help by the Carthaginians broke a treaty with Rome Rome declares war.
34
Who won each war?
Rome won all of them
35
Hannibal:
general of Carthage; uses elephants to cross the Alps; brilliant leader
36
Scipio
general of Rome; defeats Hannibal at battle of Zama
37
What were Carthage's greatest mistakes?
Not reinforcing Hannibal when he was at the gates of Rome | Requesting that Hannibal return to Carthage to defend it
38
What were the four causes that led to the decline of the Republic?
Farmers lost economic and political independence (latifundia replaced small farm) Merchants and artisans became poorer as rich Romans bought goods elsewhere The gap between the rich and poor widened The government became unstable
39
What ended the Republic?
After many reformers and generals tried to help the Republic's social, economic, and political problems, Julius Caesar rose to power and was assassinated.
40
Who were the first triumvirate?
Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
41
Julius Caesar was supported by who?
the people of Rome
42
Why did the people support Julius Caesar?
his reforms
43
Julius Caesar was murdered on the...
Ides of March, 44 BCE
44
Who assassinated Caesar?
the Senate
45
Who was in the second triumvirate?
Octavian, Lepidus, Mark Antony
46
Who takes sole control from the second triumvirate?
Octavian
47
Who gained control after Julius Caesar?
Octavian, after defeating the other members of the second triumvirate.
48
How did he get control?
restored Republic; volunteered to resign
49
Who was the first Roman Emperor?
Octavian/ took name Augustus, which means Revered One
50
Augustus strengthened his authority in two ways by...
Having every soldier swear allegiance to him | Choosing talented people (not just upper class) to take care of Rome's daily business
51
Pax Romana
peace Augustus brought to the Roman empire (lasted 200 years)
52
What were the three major causes for the decline of the empire?
No method for inheriting the throne High taxes and inflation Germanic peoples invade Roman frontiers
53
What invention gave the Germans victory over the Romans?
the iron stirrup made the cavalry stronger than infantry
54
What is the difference between a Republic and an Empire?
Republic- Democracy; representative; two consuls; people make final decision Empire- Emperor makes final decision Both- have Senate
55
Give one reason for the decline of the Roman Empire.
Roman soldiers left the Rhine-Danube border to fight civil-wars in Italy. Over time, Germanic tribes moved from Northern and central Europe to raid and conquer Roman lands such as Greece and Gaul. As the Germanic tribes took over areas of land, trade routes closed up, trade and business began to disappear, and cities declined. Eventually, in AD 476 Germanic general Odovacar over threw the last Roman empire.
56
Why did Roman students stop at bars before attending school each day?
breakfast bars- they bought bread, beans, or nuts to eat en route to school.
57
Did Romans have to go to school?
No, it wasn't required by laws.
58
stylus
pointy pen; used to write on clay boards
59
scrolls
long papers with notes, students memorized it
60
What did Roman parents place around their newborn's neck?
a bulla, or good luck charm. It was bestowed on a child's ninth day of life (if they lived that long).
61
What do cooked mice, roasted parrots, and slated jellyfish have in common?
they were all Roman appetizers
62
Why did Roman politicians and lawyers often eat walnuts?
considered "smart food" because they look like little human brains
63
votives
left at temples to help cure people (could be candles)
64
Why was Rome at such a great risk of fire?
poorly constructed wooden shacks were abundant; people cooked on portable grills that caught fire easily.
65
insula
island/apartment bulding
66
Via Appia/Appian Way
used paving stones that settled instead of cracking.
67
Why would wealthy Roman men wear dirty old togas on purpose?
when they were traveling on dark streets at night, it made them lesser targets for mugging.
68
lictors
body guards
69
What was the white bull used in for a triumph
sacrafice
70
Where was the best place to find a boyfriend/girlfriend in ancient Rome?
Circus Maximus; men and women could sit together there
71
strigil
used to scrape off oil, sweat, and dirt
72
caldarium
hottest room, cleansing sweat
73
tepidarium
warm room with small bathing pool
74
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K 7th Grade (28 decks)

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