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K 7th Grade > 7-WesternCultures-Greece-Study Guide Part 1 > Flashcards

7-WesternCultures-Greece-Study Guide Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

polis

A

city-state including the settlement and farmland

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2
Q

Dark Age

A

a period where people forget how to read and write

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3
Q

foreigner

A

a person from another city-state

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4
Q

Monarchy

A

one lawful ruler

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5
Q

aristocrats

A

wealthy men who inherited land; wealthy landowners who provided advice

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6
Q

Oligarchy

A

ruling power is in the hands of a few

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7
Q

Tyranny

A

one unlawful ruler

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8
Q

Democracy

A

all citizens share in the ruling power

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9
Q

citizen

A

free male person of age in that city-state which he was born

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10
Q

direct democracy

A

every citizen can vote on every issue

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11
Q

representative democracy

A

people vote for representatives who decide on the issues

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12
Q

Assembly

A

lawmaking group

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13
Q

What forced people in Greece to settle in isolated communities?

A

mountains

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14
Q

What did these communities have in common?

A

Language

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15
Q

How did Greeks identify themselves?

A

with hometown/polis

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16
Q

Why did the Monarch lose power?

A

Dependent on aristocrats

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17
Q

Why did the Oligarch lose power?

A

Rich got richer poor got poorer

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18
Q

Why did the Tyrant lose power?

A

ruled too harshly, forced out

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19
Q

Athenians got the goods they needed for everyday life:

A

through trade and by buying and selling goods in the agora

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20
Q

Spartans got the goods they needed for everyday life:

A

from conquered peoples and from Helots, slaves, and Perioeci, free/non-citizens, who did all the work (aristocracy managed government and army)

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21
Q

Athenian Education

A

Boys were taught at home by mothers until age 6-8
Boys attended three other schools
Girls were taught to cook, clean, and weave

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22
Q

Spartan Education

A

Boys and girls were trained to fight
Boys were taught to read and write
Skills for survival (stealing was a way of life)

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23
Q

Who were the Ten thousand Immortals?

A

Persian warriors

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24
Q

satrapies

A

provinces led by appointed official

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25
Where did Darius build his capital?
Persepolis
26
Where did Darius build his capital?
Persepolis
27
Why did Darius conquer Ionian city-states?
to gain control of trade-routes and wealth
28
What was the Ionian Rvolt?
Ionians and Athenians fighting against the Persians
29
What did the Persians set-up as the form of government?
puppet rulers
30
HOw did the Ionians respond to Persian rules?
They asked Greek mainland for help
31
Who was the only city state to help the Ionians?
Athens
32
How long did the Ionian Revolt Last?
Five years
33
Who won the revolt?
Persia
34
What was Darius's response to Athens's part in the Ionian Revolt?
revenge (Persian War)
35
What marked the beginning of the Persian War?
493 BCE, the end of the Ionian Revolt
36
Where was the first battle of the Persian War?
Marathon
37
Why didn't Sparta send help to Athens immediately?
They were celebrating a religious festival, also only wanted to protect themselves (no sense of unity between city-states of Greece)
38
Why didn't Darius use his cavalry at Marathon?
He wanted to use them to attack Athens
39
Who won at Marathon?
Greeks easily beat the weaker Persian infantry with out the stronger Persian cavalry
40
Who took control of the Persian army after Darius died
Xerxes, his son
41
How did the northern city-states respond to the Persian invasion?
the surrendered quickly
42
What two city-states worked together against the Persians?
Athens and Sparta
43
Who was the Spartan leader/king?
Leonidas
44
How did the Persians get through the pass at Thermopylae?
A Greek betrayed the secret pass
45
What was the result of the Battle of Thermopylae?
All the Spartans and Leonidas were killed
46
Why did the Greeks flee to Salamis?
To avoid capture in a siege
47
What did Xerxes do to Athens?
He destroyed and burned it, in revenge for the burnings of his city(s) in the Ionian revolt
48
Who was the Athenian general at Salamis
Themisticles
49
Why didn't Xerxes want to attack the Greeks by sea?
Xerxes knew his navy was weaker
50
What was the false message sent by the Athenian general at Salamis?
Themistocles had changed sides
51
What happened to the Persian fleet once they entered the channel at Salamis?
They were surrounded
52
Who won the battle of Salamis?
Greeks, under Themistocles
53
Where did the final battle of the persian War take place?
Platea
54
When did the Persian War end?
479 BCE
55
What was the name of the defensive league created after the Persian War?
Delian League (HQ on island of Delos)
56
What was the purpose of this Delian League?
protection
57
Who didn't join the Delian League?
Sparta
58
How did Athens become rich due to the formation of the Delian League?
Athens collected taxes/money to build ships for trade
59
How did the other city-states feel about Athens's wealth?
resentful and had disputes
60
Who was the main leader at the time of the Delian League?
Athens, under Pericles
61
What happened in Athens under Pericles?
Golden Age of Athens
62
What brought about the decline of Athens?
The Peloponnesian War
63
Who was the Peloponnesian War fought between?
Athens and Sparta
64
Why did the Peloponnesian War begin?
Athens attacked a Spartan ally, Sparta declared war on Athens
65
How long did the Peloponnesian War last?
27 years
66
Who won the Peloponnesian war?
Sparta
67
What is a mercenary?
A hired soldier
68
Why did some Greeks become mercenaries?
to make money
69
What city-state took control of Greece upon the conclusion of this war?
Thebes (who took over from Sparta, who beat Athens)
70
What led to the downfall of Thebes?
Thebes and the other city-states were no longer strong enough to fight off invaders (namely Philip II of Macedon)

K 7th Grade (28 decks)

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