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Physiology > Transport > Flashcards

Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What two types of transport are down their electrochemical gradients?

A

Simple and facilitated Diffusion

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2
Q

True/False: Simple diffusion requires no use of energy.

A

True

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3
Q

True/False: Facilitated diffusion requires the use of energy.

A

False

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4
Q

What two types of transport are against their electrochemical gradients?

A

Primary Active Transport and Secondary Active Transport

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5
Q

True/False: Primary active transport uses energy directly.

A

True

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6
Q

True/False: Secondary active transport uses energy directly.

A

False, it uses it indirectly.

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7
Q

Describe simple diffusion.

A

Occurs by open channels w/o carriers needed

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8
Q

Describe facilitated diffusion.

A

Occurs by use of membrane carrier

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9
Q

Which type of diffusion will become saturated and level off at high concentrations?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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10
Q

Describe Primary Active Transport.

A

One or more solutes is moved against gradient (from low [] to high []) by use of ATP.

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11
Q

Name a few examples of PAT.

A

Na+ K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and H+ K+ pump

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12
Q

In summary, what is the transport of the Na+ K+ pump?

A

Pumps 3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions in

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13
Q

In summary, what is the transport of the Ca2+ pump?

A

One cation of Ca2+ is extruded for each ATP hydrolyzed.

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14
Q

In summary, what is the transport of the H+ K+ pump?

A

Pumps H+ from ICF to lumen of stomach

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15
Q

What medication causes an inhibition of the H+ K+ pump?

A

Omeprazole

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16
Q

Describe Secondary Active Transport.

A

Two or more solutes are coupled (one is usually Na+) one goes down its gradient and other goes against its gradient, indirectly utilizing ATP.

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17
Q

Name an example of SAT.

A

SGLT1 (glucose)

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18
Q

What are the two types of SAT?

A

Symport and Antiport

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19
Q

Which of the two types of SAT transports both solutes in the same direction? Opposite?

A

Symport, Antiport

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20
Q

What medication inhibits SAT?

A

Oubain

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21
Q

Transport across membranes causes flux, what is another term for this?

A

Net diffusion (J)

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22
Q

What is net diffusion?

A

Movement of particles from high concentration to low until equilibrium is achieved

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23
Q

What five things effect net diffusion?

A

Concentration gradient, partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, thickness of membrane, and surface area.

24
Q

Of these five properties, which ones effect the permeability of a membrane?

A

Partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and thickness of membrane

25
Q

What is the concentration gradient?

A

The difference between the solutions (the greater the difference, the greater the net diffusion

26
Q

What is the partition coefficient?

A

Solubility of a solute in oil vs water

27
Q

What is the diffusion coefficient?

A

Inversely correlates 2/ the radius and viscosity. (small solutes in nonviscous solutions are greater.)

28
Q

What is true for the thickness of a membrane?

A

Thicker = greater distance the solute must diffuse across

29
Q

Ultimately, what is the formula of net diffusion/flux?

A

J = permeabilityXSurface area(Concentration Gradient)

30
Q

What happens to the flux if a solution is doubled?

A

Tripled: Subtract the difference from the new quantity and see how much more it is than before.

31
Q

What is the flow of water across a membrane because of a pressure difference?

A

Osmosis

32
Q

What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality?

A

Concentration of active particles per liter but osmolality is per kg of water

33
Q

What is the formula for osmotic pressure?

A

Number of particles X concentration x reflection coefficient X Gas constant (0.082L) x Absolute Temp (K)

34
Q

What is the range of reflection coefficients?

A

0-1

35
Q

What is the meaning of a zero reflection coefficient?

A

It is freely permeable

36
Q

What is the meaning of a 1.0 reflection coefficient?

A

Impermeable

37
Q

A solution with a higher osmotic pressure is what?

A

Hypertonic

38
Q

A solution with a lower osmotic pressure is what?

A

Hypotonic

39
Q

Placing a cell in a Hypotonic solution will cause what to happen to a cell?

A

Swelling (and possibly bursting/lysis)

40
Q

Placing a cell in a Hypertonic solution will cause what to happen to a cell?

A

Shrink

41
Q

Give an example of facilitated diffusion.

A

GLUT4 transporter of D-glucose

42
Q

What is the class of drugs that inhibits Na+K+ ATPase?

A

Cardiac glycosides

43
Q

What are the two examples of cardiac glycosides?

A

Oubain and digitalis

44
Q

What are the five factors that Flux/ Flow for nonelectrolytes depends on?

A
  1. Concentration Gradient 2. Partition Coefficient 3. Diffusion Coefficient 4. Thickness of the membrane 5. Surface area
45
Q

What are the extra two factors that flux of electrolytes depends on?

A

Potential difference and Diffusion potential

46
Q

What factors calculate permeability?

A

Partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, thickness of membrane

47
Q

What is the partition coefficient?

A

Concentration in oil/water

48
Q

What is the diffusion coefficient?

A

partition coefficient x absolute temp/ 6pirXviscosity

49
Q

What is it called when two solutions have equal osmolarity?

A

Isosmotic

50
Q

What is the term given to a solution with a higher osmolarity over another?

A

Hyperosmotic

51
Q

What is the term given to a solution with a lower osmolarity over another?

A

Hyposmotic

52
Q

What is the term meaning when two solutions have the same osmotic pressure?

A

Isotonic

53
Q

What is the term given to a transport that creates an electrical difference?

A

Electrogenic

54
Q

What is the state during the Na+K+ ATPase transport in which the binding sites for Na+ and K+ face the ICF and the enzyme has a high affinity for Na+?

A

E1

55
Q

What is the state during the Na+K+ ATPase transport in which the binding sites face the ECF and the enzyme has a high affinity for K+?

A

E2

56
Q

What are the three types of transport proteins (mechanisms)?

A

Pores, Channels, Carriers

57
Q

What are the usual ions that symport with Na+?

A

Glucose, K, amino acids, Cl-

Physiology (11 decks)

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