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Physiology > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the choline ester neurotransmitter?

A

Ach

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2
Q

Where is Ach released from?

A

All preganglionic and most postganglionic neurons in PNS ans all preganglionic neurons in SNS. And from presynaptic neurons of the adrenal medulla

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3
Q

What are the five types of biogenic amines?

A

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Histamine, and Serotonin

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4
Q

What precursor does dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine share?

A

Tyrosine

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5
Q

What does tyrosine convert to in the synthesizing of dopamine?

A

L-dopa

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6
Q

What enzyme catalyzes dopamine synthesis?

A

dopacarboxyalse

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7
Q

What enzyme is present for dopamine to convert to norepinephrine?

A

dopamine beta-hydroxylase

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8
Q

What enzyme is present for norepinephrine to convert to epinephrine?

A

PNMT: Phenylethynolamine- N-methyltransferase

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9
Q

Serotonin is produced from what protein in serotonergic neurons in the brain and GI tract?

A

Tryptophan

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10
Q

What is histamine synthesized from?

A

Histidine

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11
Q

What enzyme catalyzes histamine?

A

histidine carboxylase

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12
Q

Where is histamine present?

A

Hypothalmic neurons and nonneural tissue (like mast cells)

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13
Q

What are the three amino acid neurotransmitters?

A

GABA, Glucamate, Glycine

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14
Q

Which amino acid neurotransmitter is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

A

Glucamate

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15
Q

Which amino acid neurotransmitter is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and SC?

A

Glycine

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16
Q

Which amino acid neurotransmitter is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in its -ergic neurons in the CNS?

A

GABA

17
Q

What is GABA synthesized from?

A

Glutamic acid

18
Q

What is the enzyme that catalyzes GABA synthesis?

A

Glutamic acid decarbozylase

19
Q

What two things can occur after GABA is released?

A

Recycled or degraded by GABA transaminase for Citric acid cycle

20
Q

What is the short acting inhibitory neurotransmitter in the GI tract and CNS?

A

Nitric Oxide

21
Q

What is NO synthesized from?

A

NOsynthase

22
Q

What is NOsynthase converted to?

A

arginine to citrulline and NO

23
Q

Where does NO diffuse to once it is synthesized?

A

Target cell

24
Q

What type of neuropeptide acts on a presynaptic cell to alter the amount of neurotransmitter released in stimulus response?

A

Neuromodulators

25
Q

What type of neuropeptide is released from secretory cells into the blood to act at a distant site?

A

Neurohormones

26
Q

What type of neuropeptide is copackages and cosecreted fro presynaptic vesicles?

A

neurotransmitter

27
Q

Neuropeptides proceed like the synthesis of what?

A

Proteins (DNA -> RNA -> Ribosomes

Physiology (11 decks)

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