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Kin 3304 > Chapter 1 terms/ test > Flashcards

Chapter 1 terms/ test Flashcards

1
Q

Study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement

A

structural kinsieolgy

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2
Q

True or false : there are only 100 muscles

A

False: > 600( more than 600)

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3
Q

With your knowledge… Describe what is anatomical position and what is fundamental positon?

A

Anatomical: your body is erect.. facing forward.. palms are facing front as well( facing up)

Fundamental: Same as anatomical: but the only difference is that your palms are not facing up. They are facing on the side

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4
Q

The neck is to the …… chest

A

superior

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5
Q

The neck is to the ….head

A

inferior

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6
Q

Abdomen is…..to the spinal column

A

anterior

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7
Q

Shoulder blades are……. to the chest

A

posterior

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8
Q

Hand is …. to the upper arm

A

disal

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9
Q

Shoulder is…….to upper arm

A

proximal

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10
Q

nose is to the….. ears

A

medial

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11
Q

arms are to the …. spine

A

lateral

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12
Q

beneath or below the surface

A

deep

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13
Q

Near the surface( closer to the surface)

Used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue

A

superficial `

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14
Q

Lying on the back

Face-upward position of the body

A

supine

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15
Q

Face-downward position of the body

Lying on the stomach

A

prone

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16
Q

Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved

A

plane

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17
Q

There is a …..degree relationship between a plane of motion and its axis

A

ninety-degre

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18
Q

Motion through a plane revolves around an axis( is ……

A

perpendicular

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19
Q

true or false: planes divide the body into 2 halves. and cardinal planes divide the body into equal halves

A

true

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20
Q

In front or in the front part

A

anterior

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21
Q

In front and below

A

anteroinferior

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22
Q

in front and to outside

A

anterolateral

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23
Q

In front and toward the inner side or midline

A

anteromedial

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24
Q

Relating to both front and rear

A

anteroposterior

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25
Q

in front and above

A

anterosuperior

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26
Q

Behind, in back, or in the rear

A

posteior

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27
Q

On or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane

A

lateral

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28
Q

Relating to the middle or center; nearer to the median or midsagittal plane

A

medial

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29
Q

the cardinal planes are…

A

transverse, saggital, and frontal

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30
Q

line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit)

A

mix axillary line

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31
Q

A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the middle of the sternum

A

mid sternal line

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32
Q

A line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the anterior axillary skinfold

A

anteior axillary line

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33
Q

A line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the posterior axillary skinfold

A

psoterior axillary line

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34
Q

A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the mid-point of the clavicle

A

mid calvicular line

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35
Q

A point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

A

mid inguinal point

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36
Q

A line running vertically down the posterior surface of the body passing through the inferior angle of the scapula

A

scaupla line

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37
Q

A line running vertically down through the spinous processes of the spine

A

verterbal line

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38
Q

Relating to the right and left sides of the body or of a body structure such as the right and left extremities

A

bilateral

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39
Q

Below in relation to another structure; inferior

A

caudal

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40
Q

: Directionally from tail to head in the long axis of the body

A

caudocephald

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41
Q

Above in relation to another structure; higher, superior

A

cephallic

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42
Q

Directionally from head to tail in the long axis of the body

A

cephocaudal

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43
Q

Pertaining or relating to the opposite side

A

contrallateral

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44
Q

Relating to, or situated to the right or on the right side of, something

A

dexter

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45
Q

: Relating to the fibular (lateral) side of the knee, leg, ankle, or foot

A

fibular

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46
Q

Below and to the outside

A

inferolateral

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47
Q

Below and toward the midline or inside

A

inferomedial

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48
Q

On the same side

A

ispilateral

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49
Q

Relating to the palm or volar aspect of the hand

A

palmar

50
Q

Relating to the sole or undersurface of the foot

A

plantar

51
Q

Behind or in back and below

A

posterioinferior

52
Q

Behind and to one side, specifically to the outside

A

posterlateral

53
Q

Behind and to one side, specifically to the outside

A

postermedial

54
Q

Behind or in back and above

A

postesuperior

55
Q

From the center of the body out toward the distal ends of appendages

A

proxximodistal

56
Q

Relating to, or situated to the left or on the left side of, something

A

sinster

57
Q

Relating to palm of the hand or sole of the foot

A

volar

58
Q

Increased curving of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane

A

Kyphosis:

59
Q

Abnormal or excessive rotation forward of a structure, such as femoral anteversion

A

anteversion

60
Q

Increased curving of the spine inward or forward in the sagittal plane

A

lordosis

61
Q

Bending backward, as in knee hyperextension

A

Recurvatum:

62
Q

abnormal or excessive rotation backward of a structure, such as femoral retroversion

A

retroversion

63
Q

Lateral curving of the spine

A

Scoliosis

64
Q

Outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in knock-knees

A

valgus

65
Q

Inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in bowlegs

A

varus

66
Q

The … plane divides the body into equal right and left halves

A

saggital planes

67
Q

the … plane divides the body into anteior and posterior

A

frontal planes

68
Q

the … plane divides the body into superior and inferior

A

transverse plane

69
Q

what is the axis of rotatation for the following planes?Frontal (coronal, lateral, or mediolateral)
saggital
vertical

A

saggital plane
frontal plane
transverse plane

70
Q

what are the common movements that occur in the following planes?
Saggital
transverse
frontal

A

flextion; extension
interal and external rotation
adduction and abduction

71
Q

Go on page 8 of the textbook in chapter one to get familar with the body regions and diagram

A

refer to the textbook

72
Q

True or false: we have about 206 bones in the skeletal system

A

true

73
Q

206 of which are
80 axial
and 126 appedicular

A

true

74
Q

What are the 3 functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. support and protection
  2. mineral stroage and hemopisies
  3. attachment for muscles and movements
75
Q

What is hemoposises?

A

its is blood cell formaton in the red bone marrow

76
Q

The skeletion is divided into two sections? what are they?

A

Appendicular and axial

77
Q

What consist of the appendicular and axial?

A

composed of the appendages, or the upper and lower extremities, and the shoulder and pelvic girdles.

axial: skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

78
Q

True or falseThe exact number of bones as well as their specific features occasionally varies from person to person

A

true

79
Q

The skeltal system has 5 functions? What are they?

A

Protection of vital soft tissues such as the heart, lungs, and brain

Support to maintain posture

Movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles and acting as levers

Storage for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

Hemopoiesis, which is the process of blood formation that occurs in the red bone marrow located in the vertebral bodies, femur, humerus, ribs, and sternum

80
Q

Breifly define wolf Law?

A

Wolf law is basically a law that states that bone size and shape are greatly influenced by ammount of stress and force you put on the bones .
The high stress you put on the bone- the stonger your bones will be
the less stress you put on your bones- the weaker and short they will be

81
Q

combination of more than one plane of motion

A

Diagonal plane

82
Q

Anatomical landmarks determining muscle location and attachment and joint function

A

bone markings

83
Q

Bone markings are divided into two things

A

processes: and cavities

84
Q

Point of contact of two or more bones

A

joint articulation

85
Q

what are the three types of joints?

A

synathrodial
amphiathrodial
diathrodial

86
Q

clasifed as the freely movable joint

A

diathrodial

87
Q

no movment

A

synathrodial

88
Q

little movment

A

amphiathrodial

89
Q

synovial joints

bony ends are covered by ….cartilage and the ….

A

joint capusule

90
Q

Motion in 1 plane equals
Motion in 2 planes equals
Motion in 3 planes equals

A

1 degree of freedom of motion
2 degrees of freedom of motion
3 degrees of freedom of motion

91
Q

what are the 6 types of diathrodial type of bone arrangment?

A 
1. hinge
2 pivot
3. ball and socket
4. saddle.
5.glinding
6.condyloid
92
Q

which is one degree of motion

A

hinge and pivot

93
Q

which is two degree of motion

A

condyloid

94
Q

which is three defrees of motion

A

ball and socket and saddle

95
Q

describe the davis law

A
  • some people are just born with variations betwwen joints due to herditdity
96
Q

Ligaments, muscle, and other soft tissue when placed under appropriate tension will adapt over time by lengthening; conversely, when maintained in a loose or shorted state over a period of time, they will gradually shorten

A

davis law

97
Q

what are the five factors that effect mobilty and stabiiy if a bone?

A
  1. bones
  2. cartliage
  3. ligaments and soft tissues
    4, muscles
    5, propercpetion and motor control
98
Q

Area through which a joint may normally be freely and painlessly moved

A

Range of motion

99
Q

Movement away from midline of the body

Lateral movement

A

abduction

100
Q

Movement toward midline of the body

Medial movement

A

adduction

101
Q

Reduction of angle formed by the bones of the joint

A

flexion

102
Q

Increase of the joint angleReturning a joint in flexion to anatomical position

A

extension

103
Q

Further extension beyond anatomical position

A

hyperextension

104
Q

Anterior surface of limb rotates laterally (away from midline)

A

external rotation

105
Q

Anterior surface of limb rotates medially (toward midline)

A

internal roataion

106
Q

Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body

A

diagonal adduction

107
Q

Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body

A

digonal abduction

108
Q

Circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone

A

circumduction

109
Q

circumduction is a combination of

A

flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

110
Q

Turning the subtalar and traverse tarsal joints of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane; abduction, characterized by the soles of the feet being turned outward. An example is standing with the weight on the inner edge of the foot.

A

eversion

111
Q

Turning the subtalar and traverse tarsal joints medially into adduction in the frontal plane; characterized by the soles of the feet being turned inward. An example is standing with the weight on the outer edge of the foot.

A

inverrsion

112
Q

: Flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane.

A

dorsal flexion

113
Q

Extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the sagittal plane.

A

plantar flexion

114
Q

A position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe-out).

A

pronation

115
Q

A position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in

A

supination

116
Q

Pronation: Internally rotating the radius in the transverse plane so that it lies diagonally across the ulna, resulting in the palm-down position of the forearm.

Supination: Externally rotating the radius in the transverse plane so that it lies parallel to the ulna, resulting in the palm-up position of the forearm.

A

Pronation:
Supination:

117
Q

Inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug.

Superior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is shrugging the shoulders.

Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine. Abduction of the scapula.( moving shoulders fowafd)

: Backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane toward the spine. Adduction of the scapula. ( moving shoulder backwards)

Rotation downward: Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. Occurs primarily in the return from upward rotation. The inferior angle may actually move upward slightly as the scapula continues in extreme downward rotation.

Rotation upward: Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward.

A

Depression:

Elevation:

Protraction (abduction):
Retraction (adduction):
Rotation downward:

Rotation upward:

118
Q

Horizontal abduction: Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane away from the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal extension or transverse abduction.

Horizontal adduction: Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal flexion or transverse adduction.

Scaption: Movement of the humerus away from the body in the scapular plane. Glenohumeral abduction in a plane 30 to 45 degrees between the sagittal and frontal planes.

A

Horizontal abduction:
Horizontal adduction:

Scaption:

119
Q

Movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. Abduction of the spine.

returnn of the spinal column in the frontal plane to the anatomic position from lateral flexion. Adduction of the spine.

A

Lateral flexion (side bending):

Reduction:

120
Q

Dorsal flexion (dorsiflexion): Extension movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand moving toward the posterior side of the forearm.

Palmar flexion: Flexion movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the volar or anterior side of the hand moving toward the anterior side of the forearm.

Radial flexion (radial deviation): Abduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral forearm.

Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation): Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm.

Opposition of the thumb: Diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers.

Reposition of the thumb: Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers.

A

Dorsal flexion (dorsiflexion): Extension movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand moving toward the posterior side of the forearm.

Palmar flexion: Flexion movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the volar or anterior side of the hand moving toward the anterior side of the forearm.

Radial flexion (radial deviation): Abduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral forearm.

Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation): Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm.

Opposition of the thumb: Diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers.( attaching thumb to little pink)

Reposition of the thumb: Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers.

Kin 3304 (11 decks)

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