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Kin 3304 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of physical actions of forces

A

Mechanics

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2
Q

Study of mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems

A

Biomechanics

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3
Q

used to increase the applied force (effort) in performing a task

A

Machine

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4
Q

Machine provide mechanical advantage : What are they?

A

Can apply a relatively small force to move a greater resistance

Move one point of an object a small distance to result in a large amount of movement of another point of the object

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5
Q

Can be calculated using which two formulas”

A

MA=Res/force

MA= Length of force arm/ resistance of force arm

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6
Q

machines fucntion to :

A
  1. balance multiple forces
  2. enhance force
  3. enhance range of motion and speed of movement
  4. alter resulting direction of applied force
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7
Q

In the human body, arrangement of musculoskeletal system provides 3 types:

A

levers
wheels/axels
pulleys

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8
Q

Most common form of simple machine in the human body

A

Lever

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9
Q

Rigid bar that turns about an axis of rotation (fulcrum)

A

lever

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10
Q

Lever has another name also known as….

A

Fulcrum

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11
Q

Lever rotates as a result of ….. being applied to it, causing its movement against a …..

A

force; resistance

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12
Q

Resistance is in the middle

A

Second class lever

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13
Q

Axis is in the middle

A

First class lever

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14
Q

force is in the middle

A

Third class lever

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15
Q

What is movement doing in the first class lever?

A

Movement is balanced

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16
Q

Produce speed and range of motion when axis is close to force

A

siccors ; first class lever

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17
Q

Produce force motion when axis is close to resistance

A

Crow bar: first class lever

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18
Q

Agonist produces the…..whereas the antagonist supplies the …

A

force; resistance `

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19
Q

Large resistance can be moved by a relatively small

force

A

second class lever

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20
Q

examples: tiptoe in the body and wheelbarrow and nuttcracker

A

second class lever

21
Q

Produce speed and range of motion movements

A

third class lever

22
Q

examples of third class lever.

requries a great deal of force to move a small resisitance

A

paddling and shoveling

23
Q

what is the most common third class lever in the human body?

A

Biceps brachi; flexing elbow

24
Q 
example : Biceps Brachii flexing elbow
Axis= 
Force= 
Resistance=
Results in moving forearm
A

Elbow joint
applied by biceps brachii at its insertion on radius
Resistance=weight of arm, additional objects
Results in moving forearm

25
Q

Moment of force, or the turning effect of an eccentric force

A

torque

26
Q

force applied off center
Applied force not in line with object’s center of gravity
Causes rotation
Contracting muscles apply eccentric forces to the bone on which it attaches, causing the bone to rotate about the axis (joint)

A

eccentric force

27
Q

Distance between the axis and the point of resistance application

A

resistance arm

28
Q

What is the lever equation?

A

force x force arm = resistance x resistance arm

29
Q

Know how to perfrom math calc

A

refer to ppt

30
Q

Human leverage system is built for …

A

speed and range of motion at the expense of force

31
Q

A single…..changes effective direction of force application

A

pulley

32
Q

What law is thisA body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force

A

newton law of interia

33
Q

A body in….. tends to remain in ….. at the same …. in a straight line unless acted on by a ….

A

motion; motion; speed; force.

34
Q

Muscles produce force to …

A

start, stop, accelerate, deecerlate, and change the direction of moton

35
Q

the rate of change in velocity

A

accelration

36
Q

A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it

A

newton law of accelation

37
Q

The change in acceleration is directly proportional to the …. causing it and inversely proportional to the …..

A

force ; mass of the body

38
Q

For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction

A

Newton law of reaction

39
Q

state of zero acceleration
No change in speed or direction of the body
Static or dynamic

A

equiliibrium

40
Q

ability to control equilibrium

A

balance

41
Q

resistance to change in the body’s equilibrium

Maximize stability to achieve balance

A

stability

42
Q

point at which all of the body’s mass and weight is equally balanced

A

center of gravity

43
Q

where is the center of gravity located ?

A

inersection of 3 cardinal planes

44
Q

What are the main source of force that allows us to change movments of body ?

A

msucles

45
Q

if the axis is near the force… then the mechanail advatnage is said to be ?

A

less than 1

46
Q

if the axis is near the resistance…then the mechanical advatnage is said to be..

A

greater than 1

47
Q

force applied to wheel

A

mroe than 1

48
Q

force applied to axle

A

less than `

1

Kin 3304 (11 decks)

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