7.11: Interwar Foreign Policy

Question 1

ISOLATIONIST FOREIGN POLICY

Answer 1

• Harding ran on campaign of Isolationism and won
• Fordney-McCumber Tariff [1922] and Hawley-Smoot Tariff [1930] increased tariffs and led to retaliatory tariffs and decrease in international trade
• 1928: Kellogg-Briand Pact: agreement to outlaw war by 63 nations
• signed outside of LON authority so useless
• Washington Conference = Five Powers Treaty = limit militarization
• Neutrality Acts

Question 2

ISOLATIONIST DECLINE

Answer 2

• rise of Fascist and Totalitarian European govs
• Mussolini and Hitler
• ignored Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia and German invasion of Rhineland, Austria and Czechoslovakia
• 1940: Selective Training and Service Act [first peacetime draft]

Question 3

ENTRY INTO WWII

Answer 3

• Shift in Policy
• FDR’s call to protect “Four Freedoms”
• Arsenal of Democracy = collective effort of American industry to support Allies
• Atlantic Charter = statement of war aims
• Lend-Lease Act
• CATALYST = Pearl Harbor [Dec 7 1941]
• Opposed by Nazi sympathizers and America First Committee [Lindbergh]