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A & P 1 > Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

The study of structures which are visible to the unaided eye is _________ _________.

A

Gross Anatomy

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2
Q

Sliced into different sections/slides is _________ ________.

A

Cross-Sectional Anatomy

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3
Q

The study of the change in the body structures from conception to birth is ___________ ___________.

A

Developmental Anatomy

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4
Q

The study of cells and cell structure is ________.

A

Cytology

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5
Q

The study of tissue is ________.

A

Histology

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6
Q

Permit visualization without dissection. X-rays, tomography, MRIs, ultrasound, and PET are examples of _________ _________.

A

Non-invasive techniques

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7
Q

The study of function is called _______.

A

Physiology

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8
Q

Irritability; the ability to detect or respond to an external stimulus is called __________ or __________.

A

Responsiveness or excitability

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9
Q

The ability to alter a physiological operation or a species to change over time is __________.

A

Adaptability

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10
Q

Executing a series of complex chemical reactions which some molecules are broken down while other are built is __________.

A

Metabolism

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11
Q

The ability to increase in size from the inside to the outside is called _________.

A

Growth

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12
Q

The ability to make a copy, similar to the original is __________. Hint: It is controlled by hormones

A

Reproduction

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13
Q

Having to be able to eliminate body waste is called _________.

A

Excretion

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14
Q

___________ is promoted by the muscular system.

A

Movement

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15
Q

Particles make up all matter, such as protons, electrons, and neutrons are called __________ ____________.

A

Subatomic Organization

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16
Q

Combinations of subatomic particles from structures known as atoms is called _________ __________.

A

Atomic Organization

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17
Q

Combinations of atoms held together by energy interactions known as chemical bonds are called _________.

A

Molecular Bonds

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18
Q

Small subcellular structures that perform specific functions for the cell is _________.

A

Organelle

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19
Q

An organisms basic unit of structure. The lowest level of organization that can perform all the activities required for life.

A

The cell

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20
Q

A group of cells working together to carry out the same function is a _________.

A

Tissue

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21
Q

Organs

A

Various combinations of the 4 types of tissues, at least 2 types form an organ

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22
Q

Organ System

A

organ combinations that work together to perform a common function

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23
Q

Organism

A

A combination of all previous levels working together

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24
Q

Homeostasis

A

the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment in spite of a changing external environment

25
Q

Receptor

A

a sensor that monitors the variable. it provides the input to the control center

26
Q

Control center

A

determines the set point, the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained

27
Q

Effector

A

Responsible for carrying out the response for the control center

28
Q

Negative feedback

A

the output of a control system is fed back to the input of the system which it causes to move in the opposite direction of the output

29
Q

Positive feedback

A

part of the output feedback and increases the input. leads to exaggerated increases in output. it normally disrupts homeostasis where constancy is the goal

30
Q

Anatomical position

A

the body ius erect with feel slightly apart and palms face forward

31
Q

Axial

A

head, neck, and trunk

32
Q

Appendicular

A

upper and lower limbs

33
Q

Sagittal plane

A

divide left from right

34
Q

Frontal plane

A

divide front from back

35
Q

Transverse plane

A

cross section, top from bottom, inferior from superior

36
Q

Oblique

A

cross section cut out at an angle

37
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

houses the central nervous system

38
Q

Cranial cavity

A

within the skill, houses the brain

39
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

houses the spinal cavity

40
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Upper; has the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea

41
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

lower, all other major organs

42
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

houses all the body organs

43
Q

Serous Membranes

A

cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surface of an organ. Secrete fluid for lubrication called serous fluid which reduces friction

44
Q

Parietal Membrane

A

Lines the body cavity walls

45
Q

Visceral Membrane

A

Covers the outer surface of the organ

46
Q

9 regions

A

epigastric, right/left hypochondriac, umbilical, right/left lumbar, hypogastric, right/left iliac

47
Q

4 quadrants

A

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower.

48
Q

Integumentary System

A

protects internal organs from drying out, bacterial infections, chemical substances, and physical factors

49
Q

Skeletal System

A

protects and supports the body organs

50
Q

Muscular System

A

Alloqs movement or locomotion

51
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Returns leaked fluid to the blood and have white blood cells

52
Q

Immune System

A

Protects against foreign substances

53
Q

Nervous System

A

Control system of the body

54
Q

Reproductive System

A

produces offspring

55
Q

Urinary System

A

Elimination of wastes, regulates water and electrolytes

56
Q

Endocrine System

A

Secretes hormones, controls metabolism

57
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Blood vessels, heart. Responsible for transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.

58
Q

Digestive System

A

Breaks down food for cell usage

59
Q

Respiratory System

A

Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

A & P 1 (10 decks)

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