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NBB Test 2 > The Vestibular System > Flashcards

The Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Tells us which way is up and where we are going

A

Vestibular system

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2
Q

Vestibulospinal and cervicospinal reflexes act to maintain

A

Posture

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3
Q

Controls reflexive eye movements with pathways that involve the cerebellum and the oculomotor nuclei

A

Vestibular System

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4
Q

Keep the eyes still when the head moves

A

Vestibulo-ocular reflexes

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5
Q

Enable the skeletomotor system to compensate for head movements

A

Vestibulospinal reflexes

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6
Q

The vestibular system detects which two forms of acceleration?

A
  1. ) Linear

2. ) Angular

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7
Q

Vestibular-Cerebellar control of blood pressure and Panic Disorders

A

SIDS

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8
Q

Age related decreases in vestibular system functions

A

Presbystasis

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9
Q

We have a 40% loss of sensory hair cells by the

A

9th decade

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10
Q

By age 60, what percentage of patients report vertigo and dizziness?

A

30%

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11
Q

Relate to the position of the head and are mediated primarily by the otolithic organs

A

Static Functions of Vestibular System

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12
Q

Are associated with detecting head movements

A

Dynamic functions of the vestibular system

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13
Q

Angular accelerations are detected by the

A

Semicircular canals

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14
Q

Linear accelerations are monitored by the

A

Otolithic organs

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15
Q

Function in pairs

A

Semicircular canals

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16
Q

Specialized regions of the vestibular labrynth contain

A

Receptors (Hair Cells)

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17
Q

Semicircular canals are made up of an

A

Ampulla and cupula

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18
Q

Contain the ampullary crest a thickened epithelium populated by hair cells

A

Ampullae

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19
Q

A gelatinous mass that covers the ampullary crest

A

Cupula

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20
Q

The ampullae of the semicircular canals are designed to detect

A

Angular acceleration

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21
Q

Bending of the sterocilia towards the kinocilium

A

Depolarization

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22
Q

Bending of the stereocilia away from the kinocilium

A

Hyperpolarization

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23
Q

What are the two ampullary crests of the semicircular canals

A
  1. ) Horizontal canals

2. ) Vertical canals

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24
Q

In the horizontal canals, the kinocilium faces the

A

Utricle

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25
Q

In the vertical canals, the kinocilium faces

A

Away from the utricle

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26
Q

Due to the VOR, if the head turns right, the eyes roll

A

Left

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27
Q

The otolithic organs contian the

A

Utricule and Saccule

28
Q

Contains hair cells oriented in the horizontal plane

A

Macula of utricle

29
Q

Covered with a gelatinous material with calcium cabonate (otoconia)

A

Utricle

30
Q

Tilting of the head results in bending of the sterocilia within the

A

Utricle

31
Q

The utricle responds best to

A

Linear acceleration in the horizontal plane

32
Q

The macula of the saccule is oriented in the

A

Vertical plane

33
Q

Responds best to linear acceleration in the saggital or vertical plane

A

Saccule

34
Q

Detects tilt forwards of backwards

A

Macula of utricle

35
Q

Each direction of tilt produces a different pattern of depolarization and afferent stimulation of the

A

Utricle and saccule

36
Q

The vestibular nerve joins the cochlear nerve to form the

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

37
Q

Most vestibulocerebellar fibers come from the

A

Superior and medial vestibular nuclei

38
Q

Principal pathway by which otolithic organs can regulate extensors

A

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

39
Q

Mainly cervical and functions in vestibulo-cervical reflexes

A

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract

40
Q

Bilateral projections, mainly arise from the medial vestibular nucleus

A

Ventroposterolateral (VPL) Pars Oralis

41
Q

Fills the membranous labrynth

A

Endolymph

42
Q

Surrounds the membranous labrynth

A

Perilymph

43
Q

Endolymph is rich in

A

K+

44
Q

Is low in K+

A

Perilymph

45
Q

Overproduction of endolymph results in

A

Ménière’s Disease

46
Q

Benign Schwann cell tumors

-Usually arise from the vestibular portion of the nerve

A

Acoustic Neuromas

47
Q

90% of acoustic neuromas are

A

Unilateral

48
Q

5% of acoustic neuromas are

-Autosomal dominant

A

Bilateral inherited neurofibromatosis type II

49
Q

Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes, consisting of a rapid movement in one direction (=saccade) and a slow movement in the opposite direction

A

Nystagmus

50
Q

Nystagmus is typically is to the side

A

Contralateral to dysfunctional vestibular apparatus

51
Q

Caused by otoconia detaching from the otolithic membrane of the utricle and getting stuck in a semicircular canal

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

52
Q

Then, head movements will cause the otoconia to move and stimulate the

A

Cupula of semicircular canal

53
Q

Irrigating the external auditory meatus with warm or cold water sets up convection currents in the endolymph which displace the crista ampullaris

A

Caloric Test

54
Q

The nystagmus in the caloric test is

A

Towards warm water and away from cold water

55
Q

To test the horizontal canals with the caloric test, simply tilt the patients head back 60 degrees, bringing them to a

A

Vertical position

56
Q

A patient with a dysfunctional labyrinth or nerve will not respond to

A

Caloric Stimulation

57
Q

A patient with a dysfunctional labyrinth or nerve will not respond to caloric stimulation. We classify this as

A

Canal paresis

58
Q

When, with the eyes closed the patient drifts to the side of the dysfunctional vestibular apparatus or nerve

A

Past pointing

59
Q

If there is vestibular dysfunction, a patient who is parching in place with eyes closed will

A

Turn or fall to the dysfunctional side

60
Q

You should have the patient gaze no more than 30 degrees from front. If there is a problem, the nystagmus is contralateral to the dysfunctional side

A

Gaze nystagmus

61
Q

With gaze nystagmus, the patient will have nystagmus on the

A

Contralateral side

62
Q

May be tested with the Nylen-Bárány maneuver

A

Positional nystagmus

63
Q

With positional nystagmus, the nystagmus is induced by particular head positions. These patients are particularly troubled by

A

Vertigo

64
Q

Control of posture; vestibulo spinal reflexes

A

Lateral Vestibular Nucleus

65
Q

Integration of inputs from the vestibular labyrinth and the cerebellum

A

Inferior vestibular nucleus

NBB Test 2 (33 decks)

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