6 The Human Body

Question 1

shock

Answer 1

abnormal state due to inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells, aka hypoperfusion

Question 2

small intestine

Answer 2

between the stomach and cecum, which includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 3

smooth muscle

Answer 3

involuntary muscle

Question 4

somatic nervous system

Answer 4

regulates activities where there is voluntary control

Question 5

stroke volume (SV)

Answer 5

volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction

Question 6

subcutaneous tissue

Answer 6

mostly fat directly under the dermis that insulates the body

Question 7

superior vena cava

Answer 7

large vein that carries blood from upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart

Question 8

symphysis

Answer 8

type of joint that has grown together to form a very stable connection

Question 9

synovial joint

Answer 9

small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication

Question 10

systemic circulation

Answer 10

circulation outside the heart and lungs

Question 11

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Answer 11

resistance blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessels, affected by dilation and constriction in blood vessels

Question 12

systole

Answer 12

a contraction, or period of contraction, in the ventricles

Question 13

tendons

Answer 13

attaches muscle to bone

Question 14

thorax

Answer 14

chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels

Question 15

thyroid cartilage

Answer 15

Adam’s apple

Question 16

tidal volume

Answer 16

amount of air moved moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath, roughly 500 ml in an adult

Question 17

tunica media

Answer 17

middle and thickest layer of tissue in blood vessel wall composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle that allow it to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand

Question 18

ventilation

Answer 18

movement of air between the lungs and the environment

Question 19

voluntary muscle

Answer 19

skeletal or striated muscle that can be under control at will

Question 20

V/Q ratio

Answer 20

measurement examining how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is flowing around the alveoli where gas exchange occurs