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Anatomy Exam 2 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Palmar Cutaneous Branch of Median Nerve

A

Supplies central palm, arises proximal to the flexor retinaculum (forms carpal tunnel) and passes superficial to flexor retinaculum

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2
Q

Palmar Cutaneous Branch of Ulnar Nerve

A

Arises proximal to wrist, passes superficial to flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis, and supplies medial side of palm

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3
Q

Vascular Supply for Joints in the Hand

A

Radial and Ulnar arteries

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4
Q

Carpometacarpal Joints

  1. Type of Joint
  2. Motion
  3. Innervation
A
  1. Plane synovial joints; saddle joint between metacarpus and trapezium
  2. Almost none for digits 2-3, limited for 4, abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, circumduction and opposition for 5
  3. Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve, posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve and dorsal/deep branches of ulnar nerve
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5
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

  1. Type of Joint
  2. Motion
  3. Innervation
  4. Ligaments
A
  1. Condyloid synovial joint
  2. Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, some opposition at MCP 5
  3. Digital nerves from ulnar and median nerves
  4. Palmar ligaments (pads), collaterals (slack during extension and taut during flexion) which means fingers generally cannot be spread when these joints are flexed
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6
Q

Interphalangeal Joints

  1. Type of Joint
  2. Motion
  3. Ligaments
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Synovial hinge joints
  2. Only flexion/extension allowed
  3. Strong collaterals
  4. Same as metacarpophalangeal joints
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7
Q

Palmar Aponeurosis

A

Triangular layer of deep fascia located between two eminences; provides protection for superficial vessels, nerves, and tendons; anchored to skin and flexor retinaculum; splits into four slips that blend with fibrous flexor sheaths of four medial digits (2-5)

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8
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

Laterally attaches to tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium; medially attaches to hook of hamate and pisiform

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9
Q

Palmaris Brevis Muscle

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Function
A
  1. Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
  2. Skin on medial side of palm
  3. Tenses skin on palm
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10
Q

Contents of Carpal Tunnel

A 
Long flexor tendons of:
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve
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11
Q

Guyon’s Canal (Ulnar Canal)

A

Formed by groove between the pisiform and the hook of the hamate; ulnar nerve and artery pass through this canal

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12
Q

Thenar Space

A

Located between the palmar side of the adductor pollicis muscle and the long flexor tendons to the index finger and the thumb

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13
Q

Midpalmar Space

A

Located between metacarpals 4-5 and the long flexor tendons to digits 4-5

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14
Q

Extensor Indicis

  1. Proximal Attachment
  2. Distal Attachment
  3. Function
  4. Blood Supply
  5. Innervation
A
  1. Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
  2. Extensor expansion of second finger (index finger)
  3. Independent extension of 2nd finger, but also helps with extension of wrist
  4. Posterior interosseous artery
  5. Posterior interosseous nerve
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15
Q

Thenar Eminence

  1. Muscles
  2. Innervation
A
  1. Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
  2. Recurrent branch of median nerve
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16
Q

Opponens Pollicis

  1. Proximal Attachment
  2. Distal Attachment
  3. Function
  4. Blood Supply
  5. Innervation
A
  1. Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
  2. Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
  3. Oppose thumb and medially rotate 1st metacarpal
  4. Radial Artery
  5. Recurrent branch of median nerve
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17
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

  1. Proximal Attachment
  2. Distal Attachment
  3. Function
  4. Blood Supply
  5. Innervation
A
  1. Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
  2. Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  3. Abduct thumb; aid in opposition
  4. Radial artery
  5. Recurrent branch of median nerve
18
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

  1. Proximal Attachment
  2. Distal Attachment
  3. Function
  4. Blood Supply
  5. Innervation
A
  1. Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
  2. Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  3. Flexes thumb
  4. Radial artery
  5. Recurrent branch of median nerve
19
Q

Adductor Pollicis

  1. Proximal Attachment
  2. Distal Attachment
  3. Function
  4. Blood Supply
  5. Innervation
A
  1. Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals
  2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  3. Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
  4. Radial artery
  5. Deep branch of ulnar nerve
20
Q

Hypothenar Eminence

  1. Muscles
  2. Innervation
A
  1. Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi
  2. Ulnar nerve
21
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

  1. Proximal Attachment
  2. Distal Attachment
  3. Function
  4. Blood Supply
  5. Innervation
A
  1. Pisiform
  2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
  3. Abducts 5th digit, aids in flexion of 5th proximal phalanx
  4. Ulnar artery
  5. Deep branch of ulnar nerve
22
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

  1. Proximal Attachment
  2. Distal Attachment
  3. Function
  4. Blood Supply
  5. Innervation
A
  1. Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
  2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
  3. Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
  4. Ulnar artery
  5. Deep branch of ulnar nerve
23
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

  1. Proximal Attachment
  2. Distal Attachment
  3. Function
  4. Blood Supply
  5. Innervation
A
  1. Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
  2. Medial border of 5th metacarpus
  3. Brings 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it to bring it into opposition with thumb
  4. Ulnar artery
  5. Deep branch of ulnar nerve
24
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Flexes PIP, MCP, and wrist; each tendon passes through fibrous flexor sheath; each tendon bifurcates opposite proximal phalanx; each tendon inserts on middle phalanx

25
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Flexes DIP, PIP, MCP; more active than superficialis; each tendon inserts on distal phalanx

26
Q

Vinculae

A

Small vascular bundles connecting palmar surface of phalanges with long flexor tendons

27
Q

Dorsal Interossei Muscles

  1. Description
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
A
  1. Four bipennate muscles each arising via two heads from adjacent sides of two metacarpals
  2. Onto extensor expansions and radial side of proximal phalanges 2 and 3, ulnar sides of proximal phalanges 3 and 4
  3. Ulnar Nerve
28
Q

Palmar Interossei Muscles

  1. Description
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
A
  1. Four (three) unipennate muscles (first is sometimes considered to be part of flexor pollicis brevis); supply each digit except third
  2. Onto ulnar sides of proximal phalanges 1 and 2 and radial sides of proximal phalanges 4 and 5
  3. Ulnar nerve
29
Q

Lumbricals

A

Four small, narrow, elongated muscles; each arises from the radial side of a flexor digitorum profundus tendon; 2 on radial side innervated by median nerve and 2 on ulnar side innervated by ulnar nerve

Flexes MCP joints and extends IP joints

30
Q

First and Second Lumbricals

A

Attached to lateral 2 tendons of FDP, innervated by median nerve; blood supply from radialis indicis artery (radial artery) and superficial palmar arch (ulnar artery)

31
Q

Third and Fourth Lumbricals

A

Attached to medial 3 tendons of FDP; innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve; blood supply from superficial palmar arch (ulnar artery) and dorsal carpal arch (ulnar and radial artery)

32
Q

Vasculature to Dorsum of Hand

  1. Arterial Supply
  2. Venous Drainage
  3. Lymphatic Drainage
A
  1. Dorsal arterial arch from radial and ulnar arteries, dorsal metacarpals, and dorsal digitals
  2. Dorsal venous arch drains medially into basilic vein and drains laterally into cephalic vein
  3. Medial via lymph vessels accompanying basilic vein to supratrochlear nodes to lateral axillary nodes
33
Q

Superficial Palmar Arch

A

Continuation of ulnar artery

34
Q

Deep Palmar Arch

A

Continuation of radial artery

35
Q

Mallet Finger

A

Avulsion by long extensor tendon; results in hyperflexion of DIP

36
Q

Dupuytren’s Contracture

A

Progressive fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis; results in marked flexion of fingers at MP joints

37
Q

Colle’s Fracture

A

Fracture in the distal end of the radius; common in those over the age of 50

38
Q

Fracture of Scaphoid

A

Most commonly fractured carpal bone; typically occurs at the waist

39
Q

Median Nerve Injury

A

Loss of thumb opposition, atrophy of thenar muscles; ape hand

40
Q

Ulnar Nerve Injury

A

Paralysis and atrophy of interossei (guttering); loss of thumb adduction; claw hand

Anatomy Exam 2 (8 decks)

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