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Anatomy Exam 2 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Back Muscles

A 
Connect limb to axial skeleton and are innervated by vental (anterior) rami or CN XI; considered extrinsic and include:
Trapezius
Lat Dorsi
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Major/Minor
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2
Q

Intermediate Back Muscles

A

Respiratory muscles innervated by ventral (anterior) rami; considered extrinsic and include the serratus posterior group of muscles (serratus posterior superior/serratus posterior inferior)

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3
Q

Deep Back Muscles

A

True intrinsic muscles of the back and are innervated by dorsal (posterior) rami; includes 3 groups (superior, which is also called the spinotransversalis system, intermediate, which is also called the sacrospinalis system, and deep, which is also called the transversospinalis system)

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4
Q

Epaxial Muscles in Reptiles/Mammals

A

Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

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5
Q

Hypaxial Muscles in Reptiles/Mammals

A

Quadratus lumborum, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus, rectus abdominus; divided into a subvertebral group, three lateral layers, and a ventral group

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6
Q

Longitudinal Columns/Bundles of Sacrospinalis System

A

Transversospinalis (spinalis), longissimus dorsi, iliocostalis

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7
Q

Thoracolumbar Fascia

A

Triangular-shaped sheet of tough connective tissue covering lower back; partial site of origin of latissimus dorsi and abdominal oblique muscles

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8
Q

Thoracolumbar Fascia Laminae

A

Posterior lamina attaches to lumbar spinous processes, middle lamina attaches to lumbar transverse processes, and anterior lamina (deepest) attaches to lumbar transverse processes

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9
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of C7 and T1-2 (sometimes T3)
  2. Ribs 2-5
  3. Elevate upper ribs during inspiration
  4. Ventral rami of intercostals T1-3 (sometimes T4)
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10
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Spinous processes of T11-12 and L1
  2. Ribs 10-12 (sometimes starts at 9)
  3. Pull lower ribs inferiorly and counteracts diaphragm
  4. Ventral rami of intercostals T9-12
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11
Q

Superficial Intrinsic Muscles of the Back (Spinotransversalis System)

A

Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis; muscles run laterally and upward to attach to transverse processes and skull

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12
Q

Intermediate Intrinsic Muscles of the Back (Sacrospinalis System)

A

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis; collectively make up the erector spinae group; muscles run longitudinally upward and attach to transverse processes, ribs, and spinous processes

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13
Q

Deep Intrinsic Muscles of the Back (Transversospinalis System)

A

Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores; covered by sacrospinalis (erector spinae) group; muscles run laterally and insert medially and run from transverse processes to transverse processes

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14
Q

What innervates either side of the midline of the back?

A

Dorsal (posterior) rami of thoracic spinal nerves

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15
Q

What innervates the lateral sides of the back?

A

Lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves

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16
Q

Splenius Capitis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
A
  1. Spinous processes of C7 and T1-4

2. Superior nuchal line and mastoid

17
Q

Splenius Cervicis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
A
  1. Spinous processes of T3-6

2. C1-4 transverse processes with levator scapulae

18
Q

Iliocostalis

  1. What portion of erector spinae group do they make-up?
  2. Action
  3. Components
  4. Origin
  5. Insertion
A
  1. Lateral part of the erector spinae group
  2. Extends back; keeps erect posture
  3. Lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
  4. Ilium and sacrum
  5. Most of the ribs
19
Q

Longissimus

  1. What portion of erector spinae group do they make-up?
  2. Components
  3. Origin
  4. Insertion
A
  1. Middle portion of erector spinae group
  2. Thoracis, cervicis, capitis
  3. Transversus processes and sacrum
  4. Most of the ribs
20
Q

Spinalis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Components
A
  1. Spinous processes of T11-L2
  2. Spinous processes of thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae
  3. Thoracis, cervicis (usually absent), capitis (part of semispinalis capitis)
21
Q

Semispinalis

  1. Location
  2. Components
A
  1. Traverse a couple of vertebral levels

2. Thoracis, cervicis, capitis

22
Q

Cervicis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
A
  1. T1-4
  2. C3-5

Largely covered by semispinalis capitis

23
Q

Capitis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
A
  1. T1-6 and C4-7

2. Between superior and inferior nuchal lines

24
Q

Multifidus

  1. What is it
  2. Origin
  3. Insertion
A
  1. Thick muscle mass best seen in region of sacrum; traverses 3 segments
  2. From sacrum and surrounding structures and from transverse processes up to C4, including mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
25
Q

Rotatores

A

Pass from root of transverse process to root of superior spinous process; long rotatores spans 2 segments and short rotatores spans one segment

26
Q

What are the intrinsic segmental muscles?

A

Interspinales and intertransversarii

Anatomy Exam 2 (8 decks)

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