7.2 - How effective was Soviet control over Eastern Europe? (Rebellions)

Question 1

Chapter 7.2 - Soviet control over Eastern Europe (rebellions)

Answer 1

Soviet control over Eastern Europe (rebellions)

Question 2

What were 3 uprisings in Eastern Europe from 1956 to 1984?

Answer 2

• Poland and the Poznan Rising, 1956
• Hungarian Uprising, 1956
• The Czech Crisis, 1968

Question 3

When did the Kremlin dissolve Cominform?

Answer 3

April 1956

Question 4

What did Khrushchev announce in a meeting with Tito in June 1956?

Answer 4

‘The path of socialist development differs in various countries’

Question 5

When did Poles strike over pay?

Answer 5

June 1956

Question 6

How did the Polish government respond to the protests in Poland?

Answer 6

They sent in tanks to put down the strikers

Question 7

How many workers were killed in the Polish Uprising in 1956?

Answer 7

74 killed

Question 8

Who was appointed as general secretary of the Polish Communist Party in October 1956?

Answer 8

Gomulka

Question 9

When had Gomulka been imprisoned by the pro-Stalinist government?

Answer 9

1951

Question 10

How did the situation in Poland show that the Soviet Union’s iron grip on its satellites had loosened under Khrushchev?

Answer 10

Khrushchev threatened to use troops to restore control in Poland, Gomulka replied saying the Polish army would resist any intervention, Khrushchev backed down - however, Poland stayed in the Warsaw Pact

Question 11

When was the Hungarian Uprising?

Answer 11

23rd October 1956 - 11th November

Question 12

What did the Hungarian Uprising threaten which the Polish Uprising didn’t?

Answer 12

The continued supremacy of communist control

Question 13

What did Hungarian protestors demand?

Answer 13

• Withdrawal of Soviet troops
• Multi-party elections
• Freedom of speech and the press

Question 14

Who did the Soviet Union allow become Prime Minster of Hungary as a replacement for hard-line communist leader Erno Gero?

Answer 14

Imre Nagy

Question 15

Why had Imre Nagy been expelled from the Communist Party in 1955?

Answer 15

Expelled for his reformist views

Question 16

When did Khrushchev agree to withdraw Soviet troops from Budapest, Hungary?

Answer 16

28th October 1956

Question 17

What did Imre Nagy announce on the 1st November 1956?

Answer 17

• Withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact
• Abolition of AVO, the secret police
• Move towards multi-party elections

Question 18

Why did the Soviet Union change its position after Nagy’s announcement on the 1st November 1956?

Answer 18

They feared a collapse of communism in Hungary

Question 19

How many divisions and tanks did Khrushchev send into Hungary a day after Nagy’s announcement to leave the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 19

15 divisions and 4000 tanks

Question 20

When was Imre Nagy arrested?

Answer 20

4th November 1956

Question 21

How many Hungarians were killed in the Hungarian Uprising?

Answer 21

3000

Question 22

How many Hungarians fled across the border into Austria?

Answer 22

200,000

Question 23

When was Imre Nagy executed?

Answer 23

16th June 1958

Question 24

What was the Czech Crisis 1968 also known as?

Answer 24

The Prague Spring of 1968

Question 25

When did Czechoslovakian leader, Alexander Dubcek, embark on a series of reforms?

Answer 25

April 1968

Question 26

What were Czechoslovakian leader Dubcek's reforms dubbed?

Answer 26

'Socialism with a human face'

Question 27

What did Alexander Dubcek (Czechoslovakia) promise in his reforms?

Answer 27

- Freedom of speech - Move towards a multi-party democracy

Question 28

What did Dubcek promise the Soviet Union?

Answer 28

That Czechoslovakia would stay in the Warsaw Pact and the Communist Party would retain its 'leading role'

Question 29

When did Warsaw Pact countries start to conduct military exercises inside Czechoslovakia?

Answer 29

June 1968

Question 30

What did the leadership of prominent Eastern-bloc countries argue in the Warsaw letter in response to Dubcek?

Answer 30

That challenges to socialism in one country were a threat to the entire socialist movement

Question 31

How many civilians were killed in the Czech Crisis?

Answer 31

70

Question 32

What did Brezhnev issue after the Czech Crisis?

Answer 32

The Brezhnev Doctrine

Question 33

What did the Brezhnev Doctrine (1968) state?

Answer 33

Stated that the USSR could intervene in affairs of socialist countries if communism was threatened

Question 34

Who went on strike in Poland in 1980 after the government raised food prices by 100%?

Answer 34

Shipyard workers in Gdansk

Question 35

Who led the strikes in Gdansk in 1980?

Answer 35

Lech Walesa

Question 36

What trade union was formed in Poland in 1980?

Answer 36

Solidarity

Question 37

What had the membership of Solidarity grown to before the Polish government agreed to wage increases?

Answer 37

8 million

Question 38

What key global figure supported the Solidarity movement?

Answer 38

Pope John Paul II

Question 39

When did Solidarity start to push for further reforms?

Answer 39

August 1981

Question 40

Who was appointed as first secretary of the Polish Workers' Party as a result of Solidarity pushing for further reforms?

Answer 40

General Wojciech Jaruzelski

Question 41

What did Wojciech Jaruzelski impose in December 1981 to stop the Solidarity movement?

Answer 41

Martial law

Question 42

What happened to the leaders of Solidarity after martial law was imposed in December 1981?

Answer 42

They were arrested

Question 43

What did Lech Walesa win in 1983?

Answer 43

Nobel Prize