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Cold War > 7.2 - How effective was Soviet control over Eastern Europe? (Rebellions) > Flashcards

7.2 - How effective was Soviet control over Eastern Europe? (Rebellions) Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 7.2 - Soviet control over Eastern Europe (rebellions)

A

Soviet control over Eastern Europe (rebellions)

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2
Q

What were 3 uprisings in Eastern Europe from 1956 to 1984?

A
  • Poland and the Poznan Rising, 1956
  • Hungarian Uprising, 1956
  • The Czech Crisis, 1968
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3
Q

When did the Kremlin dissolve Cominform?

A

April 1956

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4
Q

What did Khrushchev announce in a meeting with Tito in June 1956?

A

‘The path of socialist development differs in various countries’

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5
Q

When did Poles strike over pay?

A

June 1956

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6
Q

How did the Polish government respond to the protests in Poland?

A

They sent in tanks to put down the strikers

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7
Q

How many workers were killed in the Polish Uprising in 1956?

A

74 killed

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8
Q

Who was appointed as general secretary of the Polish Communist Party in October 1956?

A

Gomulka

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9
Q

When had Gomulka been imprisoned by the pro-Stalinist government?

A

1951

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10
Q

How did the situation in Poland show that the Soviet Union’s iron grip on its satellites had loosened under Khrushchev?

A

Khrushchev threatened to use troops to restore control in Poland, Gomulka replied saying the Polish army would resist any intervention, Khrushchev backed down - however, Poland stayed in the Warsaw Pact

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11
Q

When was the Hungarian Uprising?

A

23rd October 1956 - 11th November

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12
Q

What did the Hungarian Uprising threaten which the Polish Uprising didn’t?

A

The continued supremacy of communist control

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13
Q

What did Hungarian protestors demand?

A
  • Withdrawal of Soviet troops
  • Multi-party elections
  • Freedom of speech and the press
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14
Q

Who did the Soviet Union allow become Prime Minster of Hungary as a replacement for hard-line communist leader Erno Gero?

A

Imre Nagy

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15
Q

Why had Imre Nagy been expelled from the Communist Party in 1955?

A

Expelled for his reformist views

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16
Q

When did Khrushchev agree to withdraw Soviet troops from Budapest, Hungary?

A

28th October 1956

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17
Q

What did Imre Nagy announce on the 1st November 1956?

A
  • Withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact
  • Abolition of AVO, the secret police
  • Move towards multi-party elections
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18
Q

Why did the Soviet Union change its position after Nagy’s announcement on the 1st November 1956?

A

They feared a collapse of communism in Hungary

19
Q

How many divisions and tanks did Khrushchev send into Hungary a day after Nagy’s announcement to leave the Warsaw Pact?

A

15 divisions and 4000 tanks

20
Q

When was Imre Nagy arrested?

A

4th November 1956

21
Q

How many Hungarians were killed in the Hungarian Uprising?

A

3000

22
Q

How many Hungarians fled across the border into Austria?

A

200,000

23
Q

When was Imre Nagy executed?

A

16th June 1958

24
Q

What was the Czech Crisis 1968 also known as?

A

The Prague Spring of 1968

25
Q

When did Czechoslovakian leader, Alexander Dubcek, embark on a series of reforms?

A

April 1968

26
Q

What were Czechoslovakian leader Dubcek’s reforms dubbed?

A

‘Socialism with a human face’

27
Q

What did Alexander Dubcek (Czechoslovakia) promise in his reforms?

A
  • Freedom of speech
  • Move towards a multi-party democracy
28
Q

What did Dubcek promise the Soviet Union?

A

That Czechoslovakia would stay in the Warsaw Pact and the Communist Party would retain its ‘leading role’

29
Q

When did Warsaw Pact countries start to conduct military exercises inside Czechoslovakia?

A

June 1968

30
Q

What did the leadership of prominent Eastern-bloc countries argue in the Warsaw letter in response to Dubcek?

A

That challenges to socialism in one country were a threat to the entire socialist movement

31
Q

How many civilians were killed in the Czech Crisis?

A

70

32
Q

What did Brezhnev issue after the Czech Crisis?

A

The Brezhnev Doctrine

33
Q

What did the Brezhnev Doctrine (1968) state?

A

Stated that the USSR could intervene in affairs of socialist countries if communism was threatened

34
Q

Who went on strike in Poland in 1980 after the government raised food prices by 100%?

A

Shipyard workers in Gdansk

35
Q

Who led the strikes in Gdansk in 1980?

A

Lech Walesa

36
Q

What trade union was formed in Poland in 1980?

A

Solidarity

37
Q

What had the membership of Solidarity grown to before the Polish government agreed to wage increases?

A

8 million

38
Q

What key global figure supported the Solidarity movement?

A

Pope John Paul II

39
Q

When did Solidarity start to push for further reforms?

A

August 1981

40
Q

Who was appointed as first secretary of the Polish Workers’ Party as a result of Solidarity pushing for further reforms?

A

General Wojciech Jaruzelski

41
Q

What did Wojciech Jaruzelski impose in December 1981 to stop the Solidarity movement?

A

Martial law

42
Q

What happened to the leaders of Solidarity after martial law was imposed in December 1981?

A

They were arrested

43
Q

What did Lech Walesa win in 1983?

A

Nobel Prize

Cold War (26 decks)

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