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Bio 156 > Chp 3.5 Microbiology and Disease > Flashcards

Chp 3.5 Microbiology and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious Disease

A

disease that can be transmitted

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2
Q

what are infectious diseases caused by?

A

pathogens

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3
Q

Pathogen can be? 1. ____ 2.____ 3. _____ 4. ____ 5. _____

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parisites

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4
Q

Communicable Infectious Disease

A

spread from one individual to another

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5
Q

Contagious Disease

A

diseases highly communicable

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6
Q

examples of contagious disease? 1. ____ 2. _____

A

small pox, measles

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7
Q

Non-Communicable Infectious Disease

A

infectious diseases can’t be spread from individual to another

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8
Q

Epidomology

A

study of factors or mechanisms involved in spread of infectious disease

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9
Q

Inherited Disease caused by _______

A

abnormal genes

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10
Q

What are two types of Inherited Disease?

A

Hemophilia, Sickle-Cell Anemia

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11
Q

Hemophilia

A

genetically not encoding eg. clotting factors

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12
Q

Sickle-Cell Anemia

A

causes hemoglobin to crystallize making sickle cell shape

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13
Q

Neoplastic Disease refers to ____

A

cancers

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14
Q

what are two types of Immunity Related Diseases

A

Autoimmune disease, immune-deficiency disease

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15
Q

Autoimmune Disease

A

body attacks own tissues

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16
Q

example of autoimmune disease

A

lupus, rheumatoid arthiritis

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17
Q

Immune Deficiency Disease

whats an example?

A

occurs when one or more components of immune system fail to function properly
SCID - bubble boy

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18
Q

Degenerative Diseases caused by ____

A

aging

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19
Q

Examples of degenerative diseases?

A
  1. Osteoporosis
  2. Respiratory Insufficiency
  3. Cardiac Insufficiency
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20
Q

Nutritional Deficiency Disease caused by _____ of essential _____ in diet

A

shortage, nutrients

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21
Q

Examples of Nutritional Deficiency Disease? 1. ____ 2. ____ 3. _____

A

scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), blood clotting (vitamin K), rickets (Vitamin D)

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22
Q

Endocrine Diseases

A

excessive or inadequate production of hormones

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23
Q

Examples of Endocrine Diseases

A

diabetes and giantism

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24
Q

Iatrogenic Diseases caused by ________ an example being ______

A

medical intervention, reaction to drugs

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25
Q

what are infections that are a result of surgery?

A

nosocomial infections

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26
Q

Environmental Diseases

A

caused by exposure to environmental toxin

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27
Q

examples of environmental disease

A

lead poisoning, mercury poisoning

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28
Q

Idiopathic Diseases

A

diseases with unknown cause

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29
Q

Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia

A

failure of bone marrow to form blood cells

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30
Q

Pathology

A

study of disease

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31
Q

Pathophysiology

A

study of changes in body caused by disease

32
Q

Acute

A

rapidly developing, may be severe

33
Q

Chronic

A

persistent, long term disease may be severe or mild

34
Q

Latent

A

disease comes and goes, or relapses

35
Q

What are three characteristics of bacteria?

A

smaller than human cells
less DNA than human cells
prokaryotic cells

36
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

A

don’t have organelles

have cell membrane and cell wall

37
Q

What classifies bacteria?

A

shape and reaction to gram staining

38
Q

What are two common shapes of bacteria?

A

Coccus, bacillus

39
Q

Coccus is ____ shape and an example is _______

A

round, staphylococcus aureus

40
Q

Bacillus is ____ shape and an example is _____

A

rod, escherichia coli

41
Q

what colour is gram positive?

A

purples

42
Q

what colour is gram negative?

A

pink

43
Q

A gram negative bacteria peptidoglycan wall is _____

A

thin

44
Q

a gram positive bacteria peptidoglycan wall is ______

A

thick

45
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

cell division

46
Q

What is binary fission?

A

most common form reproduction in prokaryotics

47
Q

binary fission is division in ____

A

half

48
Q

Opportunistic Pathogens causes _____ in immune ______ host and gain access to ______ regions

A

diseases, compromised, sterile

49
Q

Autoclave

A

used to sterilize, kills organisms

50
Q

an autoclave uses _____ and ____ to sterilize equipment

A

temperature 121C and pressure

51
Q

Endospores

A

develop inside some bacteria cells

52
Q

what are two ways bacteria can be beneficial?

A

makes vitamin K

occupies space prevent harmful bacteria from entering that space

53
Q

bacteria can cause ____ f it gets into open wound

A

infection

54
Q

what cells rush to an area to from pus to clear away bacteria?

A

white blood cells

55
Q

Whats Flesh Eating Disease responsible for?

A

Strep throat

56
Q

Fascia

A

tissue sheet that surrounds muscles

57
Q

What happens when Fascia infects the body?

A

toxin sent through blood stream, causes necrosis of tissue

58
Q

Necrotising Fasciitis is?

A

Flesh Eating Disease

59
Q

Characteristics of viruses

A
  1. small
  2. not cells
  3. cause human diseases
60
Q

What are viruses?

A

small segments nucleic acids RNA or DNA covered by protein coat

61
Q

when viruses get in cell, they ____ cell, use cells organelles and component to _____ themselves

A

hijack, reproduce

62
Q

what are two forms of virus reproduction

A

Lytic Cycle, Lysogenic Cycle

63
Q

Lytic Cycle

A
  • phage attaches to cell
  • injects DNA
  • replicates and lyses the cell
  • releasing phages
64
Q

Lysogenic Cycle

A
  • phage DNA turns into prophage
  • transmitted to daughter cell
  • cell divisions produce colony bacteria infected with prophage
  • sometimes prophage exits chromosome, permitting lytic cycle
65
Q

HIV acts as __________

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

66
Q

what does HIV retrovirus have? ____ and ____

A

RNA , nucleic acid

67
Q

on HIV protein coat, has protein called _____

A

gp120

68
Q

gp120 specifically recognizes receptor ____ on surface of helper T cells

A

CD4

69
Q

once inside helper T cell virus ___ is converted to ____ and becomes incorporated into cells ______

A

RNA, DNA, genetic material

70
Q

infected T cells either enter _____ cycle or _____ cycle

A

lytic, lysogenic

71
Q

what treats HIV?

A

AZT

72
Q

bacteria example

A

pneumonia

73
Q

viruses example

A

influenza

74
Q

fungi example

A

yeast infection

75
Q

protozoa example

A

malaria, guardia

76
Q

parisites

A

tape worm, crabs

Bio 156 (10 decks)

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