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Bio 156 > Chp. 4 Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

Chp. 4 Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue is…

A

collection of cells that function together

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2
Q

Tissues can be 1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____

A

solid, semisolid, liquid

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3
Q

consistency of tissues depends on kinds of ____ present, how they are ____, the _____ between them, kind of _____ and _____ found between cells in extracellular matrix

A

cells, arranged, connections, fibres, extracellular material

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4
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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5
Q

Pathologist

A

laboratory study of cells and tissues

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6
Q

Pathologists aid physicians in making ____, and analyze ____, and perform ____

A

diagnosis, biopsies, autopsies

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7
Q

What are 4 different types of tissues?

A
  1. Epithelial Tissues
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscle Tissue
  4. Nervous Tissue
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8
Q

Epithelial Tissue covers ____, lines hollow ____ and forms _____

A

body surface, organs, glands

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9
Q

Covering and lining epithelium does what?

A

lines and covers body cavities and ducts

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10
Q

Glandular Epithelium does what?

A

forms glands

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11
Q

Connect tissue ____ and ___ body and organs

A

protects, supports

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12
Q

Some connective tissue ____ organs together, some ____ energy, some ____ materials and provide _____, and some ____ body

A

bind, store, transport, immunity, support

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13
Q

Muscle Tissue generates ____ force and makes body ____

A

physical, move

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14
Q

What are 3 things Muscle Tissue do?

A
  1. maintain posture
  2. move substances
  3. produce heat
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15
Q

Nervous Tissue ___ changes ____ and ____ body

A

detects, inside, outside

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16
Q

What are 5 general features of Epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Cellularity
  2. Polarity
  3. Attachment
  4. Avascualrity
  5. Regeneration
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17
Q
  1. Cellularity: refers to epithelia cells arranged in ____, either ___ or ____ layers
A

sheets, single, multiple

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18
Q
  1. Polarity: is ____ sides with ____ properties
A

two, contrasting

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19
Q

Epithelial cell has ____ surface and ____ surface

A

apical, basal

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20
Q

Apical surface is?

A

free or exposed surface

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21
Q

Basal surface is?

A

attached surface, attached to underlying tissue

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22
Q

Apical surface may contain ___ and ____

A

cilia, microvilli

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23
Q
  1. Attachment: base of epithelium attached to _____ membrane
A

basement

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24
Q
  1. Avascularity: epithelia tissue is _____, gets nutrients by ______
A

avascular, diffusion

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25
Q

Avascular

A

without blood vessels

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26
Q
  1. Regeneration: epithelial tissues have high capacity for ____
A

renewal

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27
Q

Pap Smear is when _____ cells are sloughed off ____ layer of cervix

A

epithelial, apical

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28
Q

Intracellular connections are ______

A

cell junctions

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29
Q

Cell Junctions occur where cell membrane contacts cell ______ of neighbouring cell or ______ material

A

membrane, extracellular

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30
Q

What are 3 types of Cell Junctions?

A

Tight Junctions, Gap Junctions, Desmosomes

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31
Q

cell junctions are part of what kind of cells?

A

epithelial

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32
Q

Tight Junctions are?

A

two outer surfaces of membrane that are fused together

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33
Q

Tight Junctions are fused together by?

A

strips of proteins

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34
Q

Do Tight Junctions let anything pass through?

A

no

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35
Q

Gap Junctions are?

A

two cells joined together with gaps in them

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36
Q

Gap Junctions joins ____ of two cells

A

cytoplasm

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37
Q

Connexions are found in ____ where its important for group of cells to ____

A

gap junctions, communicate

38
Q

connexions allow ____ and _____ to diffuse easily from one cell to another

A

ions, small molecules

39
Q

Desmosomes are _____ connections

A

strong

40
Q

Desmosomes are made of _____ and are connected to cells _____

A

transmembrane proteins, cytoskeleton

41
Q

Desmosomes are found in tissues where cells have to?

A

withstand a lot of force

42
Q

What are 2 types of Desmosomes

A

Button Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes

43
Q

Button Desmosomes connect _______

A

adjacent cells together

44
Q

Hemidesmosomes connect _____ to ______

A

epithelial cells, basement membrane

45
Q

What are three classifications of Epithelia?

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

46
Q

What are two kinds of layers in Epithelia cells?

A

simple and stratified

47
Q

Simple Squamous lines?

A

peritoneal cavity, blood vessels

48
Q

Simple Squamous function?

A

reduce frictions, absorption/secretion

49
Q

Stratified Squamous lines?

A

vagina, oral cavity, pharynx

50
Q

Stratified Squamous function?

A

protection abrasion, pathogens, chemical attack

51
Q

Simple Cuboidal lines?

A

glands, ducts, kidney tubules

52
Q

Simple Cuboidal function?

A

secretion, absorption, protection

53
Q

Stratified Cuboidal lines?

A

ducts

54
Q

Stratified Cuboidal function?

A

secretion, absorption, protection

55
Q

Transitional Epithelium is unusual _____ epithelium

A

stratified

56
Q

Transitional Epithelium location?

A

urinary system

57
Q

Transitional Epithelium function?

A

allows expansion, recoil after stretching

58
Q

Simple Columnar location?

A

small intestine, stomach, gall bladder

59
Q

Simple Columnar function?

A

protections, secretion, absorption

60
Q

Stratified Columnar location?

A

pharynx, anus, urethra

61
Q

Stratified Columnar function?

A

protection

62
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar location?

A

nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi

63
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar function?

A

protection, secretion, mucus movement

64
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar are ____ types of cells, that vary ____ and functions

A

several, shape

65
Q

Basement membrane consists of ____ layers of _____ material

A

two, extracellular

66
Q

What are two layers of basement membrane?

A

basal lamina, reticular lamina

67
Q

Basal lamina is layer _____ to basal surface of ____ cells, and is ______

A

closest, epithelial, selective filter

68
Q

Basal Lamina is made up of?

Basal Lamina is produced by?

A

collagen fibers

epithelial cells

69
Q

Reticular Lamina is layer ____ to basal lamina

A

deeper

70
Q

Reticular Lamina contains? ____ and ____

Reticular lamina is produced by?

A

structural proteins and reticular fibres

connective tissue

71
Q

4 functions of basement membrane?

A
  1. support epithelial tissue
  2. guide cells during growth/repair tissue
  3. barrier
  4. filter
72
Q

Glandular Epithelium function?

A

secretion

73
Q

What are two types of glandular epithelium?

A

Endocrine Glands and Exocrine Glands

74
Q

Do endocrine glands possess ducts?

A

no

75
Q

Do Exocrine glands possess ducts?

A

yes

76
Q

Endocrine glands secrete into _____

A

bloodstream

77
Q

Exocrine glands secrete into _____

A

ducts

78
Q

Exocrine gland structure can be ____ or _____

A

unicellular, multicellular

79
Q

Unicellular is made up of _____ cells and secrete _____

A

goblet, mucins

80
Q

Multicellular is made up of _____ sheets

A

secretory

81
Q

Mesothelium and Endothelium are part of ________

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

82
Q

Mesothelium is found in _____

A

body cavity

83
Q

Endothelium is found in _____

A

heart

84
Q

Method of secretions in Exocrine (3)

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

85
Q

Merocrine is _____ and is _____ substance

A

exocytosis, watery

86
Q

Apocrine is ______ and loses _____

A

exocytosis, cytoplasm

87
Q

Holocrine it ____ _____ cells

A

destroys, gland

88
Q

What are 3 types of secretion?

A

Serious gland
Mucous gland
Mixed Exocrine Glands

89
Q

Serous gland secretes _____ and ____

A

watery solution, enzymes

90
Q

Mucous Gland secretes ____

A

mucin

91
Q

Mixed Exocrine Glands secrete _____, _____ and ____

A

watery solution, enzymes, mucins

Bio 156 (10 decks)

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