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Bio 156 > Chp 5 Accessory Structures/Inflammation > Flashcards

Chp 5 Accessory Structures/Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Accessories of skin include?

A

hair, nails, glands

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2
Q

accessories of skin all derived from ____

A

epidermis

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3
Q

What is each hair composed of?

A

columns of dead, keratinized cells bounded with proteins

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4
Q

Hair consists of ____ and ____

A

shaft, root

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5
Q

Shaft is?

A

superficial portion

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6
Q

Root is?

A

deep portion, penetrates into dermis sometimes

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7
Q

what 3 concentric layers does hair consist?

A
  1. Inner Medulla
  2. Middle Cortex
  3. Outer Cuticle
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8
Q

Inner Medulla

A

flexible soft keratin, thin hair

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9
Q

Middle cortex contains?

A

thick layers hard keratin, hair colour

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10
Q

Outer cuticle is?

A

single layer of flat keratinized cells, thin

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11
Q

root of each hair is surrounded by _____ and has ____ at base

A

hair follicle, bulb

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12
Q

What does each hair follicle go through?

A

growth cycle

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13
Q

Growth cycle consists of ____ and ____, end of growth cycle called?

A

growing stage 2-5 years, resting stage 3 months, club cycle

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14
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

bundle smooth muscle cells associated with bulb

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15
Q

Goose Bumps muscles contract pull _____ hair into perpendicular poison to skin surface

A

arrector pili, perpendicular, shaft

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16
Q

Nails

A

plates tightly packed, hard, keratinized epidermal cells

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17
Q

Nail Root

A

proximal portion buried in fold of skin

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18
Q

What do exocrine glands do?

A

secrete products on outer surface of body

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19
Q

What are 6 skin glands?

A 
Sebaceous Glands 
Sudoriferous Glands 
Eccrine Sweat Glands 
Apocrine Sweat Glands 
Ceruminous Glands 
Mammary Glands
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20
Q

Sebaceous Glands secrete?

A

sebum mixture fat, cholesterol, proteins, salts, pheromones

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21
Q

What is sebum?

A

provides lubrication stops bacteria

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22
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete ____ directly into _____ or directly onto _____ surface

A

sebum, hair follicles, skin

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23
Q

Acne is?

A

bacterial inflammation of sebaceous glands

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24
Q

Sudoriferous Glands include?

what shape are these glands?

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands, Apocrine Sweat Glands

tubular

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25
Q

Eccrine Sweat glands secrete?

where do they secrete?

A

watery sweat some solutes

skin surface

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26
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands secrete?

where does secrete?

A

watery substance with some lipids/proteins

hair follicles

27
Q

Diaphoresis is?

A

excessive sweating due to heart attack or shock

28
Q

Ceruminous Glands proudce?

Where does it empty?

A

waxy substance, cerumen

ear canal

29
Q

Cerumen is?

A

mixture of sebum and wax

30
Q

Mammary Glands produce?

A

produce milk

31
Q

Inflammatory Response is?

A

is localized tissue response to injury

32
Q

conditions associated with inflammation described using suffix ____

A

itis

33
Q

what are 3 main purposes of inflammation?

A
  1. neutralize harmful agents
  2. limit spread harmful agents
  3. prepare damaged tissue for repair
34
Q

what are cardinal sign in area injury/inflammation?

A 
tumor 
rubor
calor 
dalor 
functio laesa
35
Q 
tumor = \_\_\_\_
rubor = \_\_\_\_\_
calor = \_\_\_\_
dalor = \_\_\_\_
laesa functio = \_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
swelling 
redness 
heat 
pain 
loss of function
36
Q

what chemicals do damaged cells release? and in what phase of inflammation response?

A

prostaglandins, cytokines , inflammation

37
Q

mast cells release? (3)

A

histamine, heparin, prostaglandins

38
Q

what does histamine do?

A

increases capillary permeability and accelerate blood flow to affected areas

39
Q

Prostaglandins help us feel ____

A

pain

40
Q

Escharotomy

A

cutting of skin, relieve swelling in third degree burns (full thickness burns)

41
Q

Rule of Nines

A

estimating burn area quickly, determines how much fluid someone needs

42
Q

Head = __ %

A

9

43
Q

Trunk = ___ %

A

36

44
Q

Upper Limbs = ____% each limb is ____ %

A

18, 9

45
Q

Lower Limbs = ____ % so each limb is ___ %

A

36 , 18

46
Q

Permineum = ____ %

A

1

47
Q

Autograph is…

A

skin taken from individual

48
Q

Isograph is…

A

skin taken from identical twin

49
Q

Split Thickness Graph is…

A

transplant epidermis and papillary epidermis layer

50
Q

Full Thickness Graph is…

A

transplant epidermis, papillary, reticular layer taken from

51
Q

Autologous Skin Graph is….

A

skin grown outside of body

52
Q

Burn is…?

A

tissue damage caused by excessive heat

53
Q

First Degree Burns involve?

characterized?

A

Epidermis

no blistering, redness

54
Q

Second Degree Burn involves?

Characterized?

A

Epidermis maybe parts dermis

blisters, redness

55
Q

Third Degree Burn involves?

characterized?

A

destroys epidermis, dermis, possibly SubQ

numb, skin function lost

56
Q

What is Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection?

A

greenish area infected from burn

57
Q

Third degree is over ___ % of body ____

A

10, surface

58
Q

Second Degree is over ____ % of body ____

A

25, surface

59
Q

What are 4 steps of Inflammation Response?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Migration
  3. Proliferation
  4. Scarring Phase
60
Q

Inflammation: ____ begins and ____ cells trigger response and release ____ and ____ which aid in _____

A

bleeding, mast, histamine, heparin, blood clotting

61
Q

Migration: ___ forms, ______ migrates to edge which forms ______ tissue which is _______ for blood clotting

A

scab, stratum basal, granulation, fibroblast

62
Q

Proliferation: ____ dissolves

A

scab

63
Q

Scarring Phase: ____ sheds and ____ may arise due to much _____

A

scab, keloid, fibrin

64
Q

scab is made up of ___ and ____

A

fibrin, collagen

Bio 156 (10 decks)

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