Osteochondritis and AVN Flashcards
What does AVN stand for?
Avascular necrosis
What is the end result for these conditions?
an area of bone undergoes localized necrosis as a result of ischaemia
Why does osteochondritis occur in young people
due to increased activity and repetitive stress
what conditions may be underlying in osteochondritis?
familial predisposition with an underlying coagulopathy
What are common sites of compression in osteochondritis?
2nd metatarsal head, navicular bone, lunate of carpus, vertebrae, hip joints, tibial tubercle, calceneus and capitellum of the elbow.
What is osteochondritis dissecans?
fragmentation with separation of bone and cartilage within a joint
What sites are predisposed to fragmentation?
lateral part of medial femoral condyle in the knee, anteromedial talar done, superomedial femoral head and humeral capitellum
How do you treat osteochondritis and osteochondritis dissecans?
osteotomy, pinning unstable fragments and removal of detached fragments
Who does AVN predominantly occur in?
Adults
What are common sites affected by AVN?
femoral head, femoral condyles, head of humerus, capitellum, proximal pole of scaphoid and proximal talus
what can AVN be secondary to?
fractures that disrupts the blood supply of an entire portion of bone
What are the causes of AVN?
idiopathic, alcohol abuse, steroid abuse, primary hyperlipademia thrombophilia, sickle cell disease, antiphospholipid deficiency
what is a rare cause of AVN?
Caisson’s disease
what does AVN result in?
necrosis of a segment of bone resulting in patchy sclerosis before subchondral collapse and irregularity of the articular surface occurs
How do you treat AVN?
if its early stage, drilling, otherwise replace
