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Cortext > Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

a quantitative defect characterised by reduced mineral density and increased porosity

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2
Q

What does osteoporosis lead to?

A

fragility and risk of fracture

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3
Q

What number of standard deviations must be a patient be below for bone density to be diagnosed with osteoporosis?

A

< 2.5

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4
Q

Which gender is more at risk?

A

females after menopause

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5
Q

Why is being post menopause a risk?

A

less oestrogen circulating that is protective

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6
Q

At what age does osteoblast activity decrease?

A

30 years old

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7
Q

What rate does osteoblast activity decrease?

A

very slow

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8
Q

How many types of osteoporosis are there?

A

2

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9
Q

What is type I?

A

Post menopausal osteoporosis

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10
Q

Who is more at risk of type I osteoporosis?

A

white Caucasians

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11
Q

What causes type I osteoporosis?

A

familial and environmental factors

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12
Q

What common pathological features are associated with type I osteoporosis?

A

colles fractures and vertebral instability

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13
Q

What is type II?

A

Osteoporosis of old age

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14
Q

What defines type II osteoporosis?

A

greater deterioration than expected of the bone

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15
Q

what pathological features are associated with type II?

A

femoral neck fractures and vertebral fractures

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16
Q

Type II can be secondary to what other conditions?

A

corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, malnutrition, chronic disease (CKD, malignancy, Rheumatoid arthritis) and endocrine disorders (Cushing’s, Hyperthyroidism, Hyperparathyroidism)

17
Q

What can cause type II osteoporosis?

A

vitamin D deficiency

18
Q

How do you diagnose osteoporosis?

A

Dexa scan

19
Q

What is the aim of treatment?

A

To slow progression as you can’t regain the density

20
Q

Why don’t you often prescribe intranasal calcitonin?

A

similar effectiveness but a high cancer risk

21
Q

What are the main treatment options?

A

Vit D and calcium supplements, change in diet, sunlight exposure, bisphosphates, Desuromab, Strontium, Zoledronic acid

22
Q

Which bisphosphates would you give and why?

A

alendronate, risedronate, etidronate which reduce osteoclastic resorption

23
Q

What is Desuromab?

A

a monoclonal antibody which reduces osteoclast activity

24
Q

Why would you give Strontium?

A

increases osteoblast replication and reduces resorption

25
Q

How is Zoledronic acid given?

A

IV

26
Q

Why is HRT not first line?

A

Risk of breast cancer, Endometrial cancer and DVT

27
Q

Why is Raloxifene not first line?

A

Risk of DVT

Cortext (25 decks)

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