Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

occ1032 > week 10 > Flashcards

week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

wear and tear theory

A
  • Little evidence
  • Believes aging is due to the cumulation of hard work and lifelong stress
  • Cells and tissues have vital parts that wear out resulting in aging
  • First introduced by Dr August Weismann a German biologist in 1882
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mitochondrial theory

A
  • As we age, mitochondria become less efficient therefore less ATP production.
  • Therefore can not grow and repair
  • Anti-oxidants protect mitochondria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cellular cloth theory

A
  • Cells have an internal genetic clock and stop reproducting after a certain amount of reproductions
  • Believes cells can divide a max of 80 times
  • Only live as long as we are programmed to
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

free redical theory

A
  • Highly unstable molecules cause mutations and cells to break down
  • Genes play a part in how long we live
  • Damage is accumulative over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cell replication

A
  • Every species has a maximum life span
  • Humans 110-120 years
  • How many times cells can replicate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hormonal stress theory

A
  • long elevated levels of stress related hormones have been connected to increased risk in:
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • Decline in immune system function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats late adult hood divided into

A
  • Young old ages 65 to 74
  • The old old ages 75 to 90
  • The very old ages 90 and older
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ageing in Australia

A
  • Fastest growing segment, tripled in 100 years
  • In 2017, over 1 in 7 Australians were aged 65 years and over
  • In 2014–16, Australian men aged 65 could expect to live another 20 years and women another 22 years
  • In 2016, 1 in 8 older people were engaged in employment, education or training
  • By 2057 22% of Australians will be older adults
  • The profile of the older population is projected to change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ability and disability

A

Increased disability correlates with the increased age of person and increased need for assistance to attend to Activities of Daily Living (ADL).
• For example, approximately 23% of people aged 45-54 reported some disability and only 4% of this age group needed assistance with ADLs.
• 74% of those over 80 years old, reported a disability and 58% of these people needed assistance for ADLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

** successful ageing 3 components

A
  1. avoid disease and disability
    - Low probability of disease denotes the absence of disease and affects the presence or severity of risk factors.
  2. maintain cognitive and physical function
    - This impacts the person’s potential ability to be active and indicates what a person can do.
  3. engagement in life
    - Interpersonal relationships involve communication, information exchange, emotional support, direct assistance.
    - The value of an activity is what an individual put to it.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

physical skills young old

A
  • Some skills decline as we grow older, particularly manual dexterity
  • While reaction time does decrease, sometimes this may be impacted by ageism (motivation decrease)
  • These abilities can be improved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tips to protect hearing

A
  • Stay away from loud or prolonged noises when you can.
  • Turn down the music volume.
  • Buy power tools that have sound controls.
  • When you must be around noise, either at work or at play, use something to protect your hearing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tips to protect sight

A
  • Remember the value of regular checkups to ensure eye health.
  • Any out-of-the-ordinary events should be immediately checked out.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

phsyciological changes in old age

A

cardiovascula
pulmonary
musculoskeletal
metabolic/ endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what cardiovascular change occurs in old age

A

Coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, left ventricular dysfunction and failure, congestive heart failure, dysrhythmias, aortic stenosis and aneurysms, peripheral vascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what pulmonary change occurs in old age

A

: Chronic obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disease, pulmonary edema, asthmas, pneumonia

17
Q

what musculoskeletal change occurs in old age

A

Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, degenerative disk disease, thoracic kyphosis, Paget’s disease, hip, wrist, vertebral compression fractures

18
Q

what metabolc/endocrin change occurs in old age

A

Diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, kidney failure

19
Q

fluid intelligence old age

A
  • Depends on the proper functioning of the nervous system
  • Measured by tasks that show age- related declines (speeded tasks, tests of reaction time)
  • On-the-spot reasoning ability
20
Q

crystallised intelligence old age

A

Demonstrates the cumulative effect of culture and learning of tasks
• Is a store of knowledge from the surrounding culture
• Remains very stable throughout life
• Older adults are better at such things as defining words, doing tasks that they have done in adulthood, grammar, and things that rely on general knowledge

21
Q

cognition old age

A
  • Decline in cognition occurs due to aging.
  • Cognitive decline impacts on function.
  • Changes in orientation and learning are a reflection on lifestyle changes.
  • Older person still can learn and improve but have a decreased ability in timed learning tasks, novel learning and new situations e.g. electronic equipment.
  • Changes in orientation and learning are a reflection on lifestyle changes: this needs to be considered when trying to understand changes in cognition due to age
22
Q

what happens to attention old. age

A

divided attention difficult

23
Q

what happens to memory

A

short term and working memory fades

long term memory remains

24
Q

memory decline warning signs

A
  •  Difficulty retaining familiar functioning and activities.
  •  Disorientation: time, place, date, location.
  •  Poor abstract thinking
25
Q

preventable causes

A

 Drug toxicity.
 Depression.
 Metabolic problems.
 Sensory loss (e.g. vision, hearing).
 Nutritional efficiency (e.g. dehydration, B12, iron).
 Illness (e.g. UTI, pneumonia, polypharmacy).

26
Q

when can depression occur in old adult hood

A
  •  Physical function.
  •  Widowhood.
  •  Decreased activity.
  •  Decreased social network (often due to friends also becoming ill/dying).
27
Q

accepting ones life

A

Life goals and satisfaction.
•  A majority of older adults express high levels of life satisfaction.
•  Life goals may (and in many cases do) change during later adulthood depending on life circumstances.
•  As with other life stages, there is an on-going need to incorporate new and adapt to different aspects of day to day living.

28
Q

*whats the three components of the SOC model

A

Selection.
 Optimisation.
 Compensation.

29
Q

whats 5 personality characteristics that have been linked with life satisfaction

A
  1. Extroversion.
  2. Usefulness/competence.
  3. Lack of neuroticism.
  4. Optimism.
  5. Sense of control.
30
Q

*interaction of heredity and environment seven factors

A
  1. Absence of chronic diseases.
  2. Favorable environment.
  3. Involvement in a complex and intellectually stimulating environment.
  4. Flexible personality style.
  5. High cognitive functioning of spouse.
  6. Maintenance of a high level of perceptual processing speed.
  7. Being satisfied with life accomplishments
31
Q

redirecting energy to new roles

A
  • Grandparenthood
  • Grand parenting styles.
  • Intergenerational solidarity
  • The meaning of the grandparent role.
  • Grandparent caregivers
32
Q

meaning of work

A
  • Social contact
  • Doing
  • Organisation
  • Material/economic
  • Productivity
33
Q

retirement

A
  • Adjustment to retirement.
  • Exit from one established occupational form (i.e. paid work) that has occupied and organised time and space in that person’s life for many years.
  • Most cope effectively with the changes associated with retirement.
  • Some experience retirement anxiety related to loss of structured social involvement and connection, or to having to be assertive or proactive in finding new relationships and activities.
  • Loss of income can make adjustment difficult.
  • For some is a positive change, but many would prefer to work part time, as work provides a socially acceptable identity.
34
Q

social roles changes

A

Retirement and end of work career, home maker.
Increased leisure, free time vs. decreased income.
Independence.
Increased exercise.
Persistence of life beliefs.
Holidays/travel.
Leisure: Purposeful activity, self efficacy

35
Q

*What is senescence?

A

The breakdown of the surveillance, repair and replacement process of the body. It represents the degenerative phase of the ageing process that causes an individual to become vulnerable to disease and mortality as the years go by.

36
Q

*What is occupational transition? Explain in reference to late adulthood.

A

Occupational transition is a major change to the range of occupations that a person is involved in. This may include the changing of one occupation to another, the loss of occupations, or when an occupation changes the way it is participated in

occ1032 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions