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Chemistry 101 COPY > Oxygen and Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups > Flashcards

Oxygen and Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

How do we name carboxylic acids?

A

Using the suffix “oic acid”

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2
Q

What are primary amines?

A

Nitrogens with 0 or 1 carbon(s) attached.

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3
Q

How many hydrogen bonds can an amide accept?

A

One

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4
Q

What is the relationship between amides and carbonyl groups?

A

Amide is a carbonyl with a nitrogen attached to the carbon.

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5
Q

Name this molecule:

A

Benzene

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6
Q

What are carbonyl groups?

A

A carbon double-bonded to an oxygen.

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7
Q

What is a nitrogen with no carbons attached called?

A

Primary Amine

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8
Q

What are secondary amines?

A

Nitrogens with 2 carbons attached

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9
Q

How does stability relate to energy?

A

The higher the energy, the less stable the molecule.

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10
Q

What is the main structural difference between ethanol and dimethyl ether?

A

Dimethyl ether doesn’t have a hydroxyl group so it doesn’t form hydrogen bonds.

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11
Q

How do we name a molecule which has a benzene ring as a substituent?

A

We give it the prefix “phenyl”

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12
Q

What is the suffix for naming a ketone?

A

“one”

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13
Q

What do dimers do?

A

Dimers effectively double the molecular weight of the molecule, combined with the need to break the very strong hydrogen bonds, making very high boiling points.

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14
Q

What is a ketone?

A

A C=O attached within a chain.

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15
Q

What can be said about the boiling points of carboxylic acids and why?

A

Carboxylic acids have very high boiling points - they form multiple hydrogen bonds, which allows the formation of dimers.

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16
Q

How do you name ethers with other functional groups attached?

A

Use “alkoxy” at the start, then name the functional group. For example, if you have a single carbon on one side of the oxygen and a methanol group on the other side, it would be methoxy methanol.

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17
Q

When a molecule uses its lone pairs to bond, what does this do?

A

Makes it cationic

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18
Q

What is the closest thing to a cross-link for alcohols?

A

Hydroxides (but they’re very unstable)

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19
Q

How do we name substituted amides?

A

To name a substituted amide, we use “alkylamide” as the suffix and add the prefix “N-Alkyl”

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20
Q

What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?

A

In an aldehyde, the C=O is located on Carbon 1, so it has a hydrogen attached; whereas in ketones, the C=O is on a mid-chain carbon, so it has two carbons attached.

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21
Q

Can ethers form dipole-dipole interactions?

A

Yes.

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22
Q

What is a nitrogen with three carbons attached called?

A

Tertiary Amine

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23
Q

What is ethanoic acid also known as?

A

Acetic Acid

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24
Q

How do we name simple ethers?

A

Alphabetically name the two alkyls (organic parts) and add the word ether.

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25
Q

Do carbons in a functional group count as part of the main chain?

A

Only if the carbon is attached to the rest of the main chain.

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26
Q

How do you name this compound?

A

2-Amino Propan-1-ol

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27
Q

What are tertiary amines?

A

Nitrogens with 3 carbons attached

28
Q

What does the “N” in “N-Alkyl” refer to?

A

Nitrogen.

29
Q

What is the suffix for naming an aldehyde?

A

“al”

30
Q

What can be said about the boiling point of ethers and why?

A

They only have dipole-dipole interactions (no hydrogen bonding) so they have very low boiling points

31
Q

Can alkanes form dipole-dipole interactions?

A

No.

32
Q

How are symmetrical secondary amines named?

A

Diphenylamine (Not N-Substituted)

33
Q

What must you remember to do when naming a ketone?

A

Use a number to say where the C=O is.

34
Q

Can you have a two carbon ketone?

A

No, because the double-bond would be on carbon one, making it an aldehyde

35
Q

How do we name amides?

A

Using the suffix “amide”

36
Q

Which has the higher boiling point: amides or alcohols?

A

Amides

37
Q

What is acetic acid also known as?

A

Ethanoic Acid

38
Q

What is an amine?

A

A Carbon single-bonded to a Nitrogen without the presence of an oxygen

39
Q

Are amines part of a carbonyl group?

A

No. They are attached to the chain.

40
Q

What is an aldehyde?

A

A C=O attached to the start of a chain

41
Q

For what ketones do you not need a number?

A

Propanone and Butanone

42
Q

How many hydrogen bonds can an amide donate?

A

Two

43
Q

Why do amides have a higher boiling point than alcohols if they are less polar?

A

They have a greater capacity to hydrogen bond.

44
Q

What is a nitrogen with one carbon attached called?

A

Primary Amine

45
Q

What is the prefix designated to sulphur?

A

“Thi”

46
Q

Can you have a two carbon aldehyde?

A

Yes.

47
Q

What are Quaternary Ammonium Salts?

A

Nitrogens with 4 Carbons attached.

48
Q

Do alcohol groups cross-link?

A

No.

49
Q

What is a substituted amide?

A

An amide where the nitrogen is attached to two carbons

50
Q

What is a nitrogen with two carbons attached called?

A

Secondary Amine

51
Q

What are amines derivatives of?

A

Ammonia

52
Q

Can ethers form dispersion forces?

A

Yes, all molecules can.

53
Q

Which is more polar: amides or alcohols?

A

Alcohols

54
Q

How do we name an ester?

A

Using the suffix “ate”

55
Q

Is a cyclic ring with only single bonds named benzene?

A

No. A benzene ring has double bonds.

56
Q

Name this molecule:

A

Cyclohexane

57
Q

How many hydrogen bonds can an amide form?

A

At least 3

58
Q

Are amides part of a carbonyl group?

A

Yes.

59
Q

What can be said about the solubility of ethers and why?

A

They only have dipole-dipole interactions (no hydrogen bonding) so they are generally not water soluble.

60
Q

How do thioles tend to interact when close together?

A

They tend to cross-link due to the oxidation of the two sulphurs. This is called a disulphide link.

61
Q

How do we name an amine if there are other functional groups present?

A

If the molecule has other functional groups, we use “amino” as prefix rather than “amine” as a suffix.

62
Q

What is a nitrogen with four carbons attached called?

A

Quaternary Ammonium Salt

63
Q

How do we name an amine if the amine is the only functional group in the molecule?

A

Add “amine” to the name of the longest continuous carbon chain.

64
Q

What is an ether?

A

An oxygen that has two alkane chains attached to it.

65
Q

Is ammonia an organic compound?

A

No. It does not contain carbon.

66
Q

Name this molecule:

A

N-Methyl Cyclohexamine

Chemistry 101 COPY (32 decks)

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