Acids and Bases

Question 1

What are two examples of organic acids?

Answer 1

Carboxylic acids

Phenols

Question 2

What is an example of an organic base?

Answer 2

Amines.

Question 3

By the Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid?

Answer 3

A proton donor

Question 4

By the Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is a base?

Answer 4

A proton acceptor

Question 5

What is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with a base?

Answer 5

Carboxylate ions.

Question 6

Are carboxylic acids proton donors or acceptors?

Answer 6

Proton donors.

Question 7

Are carboxylate ions water soluble?

Answer 7

Always.

Question 8

What occurs when amines react with acids?

Answer 8

Amines can react with acids to form quaternary ammonium salts (protonated amines)

Question 9

Are quaternary ammonium salts water soluble?

Answer 9

Always

Question 10

Is butanoic acid soluble in water, or organic solvents?

Answer 10

Organic solvents.

Question 11

Is 1-butanamine soluble in water, or organic solvents?

Answer 11

Organic solvents.

Question 12

What is a liquid-liquid extraction used to do?

Answer 12

Purify compounds according to acidity and basicity

Question 13

What is used to do a liquid-liquid extraction?

Answer 13

A separating funnel.

Question 14

How does a liquid-liquid extraction work?

Answer 14

Altering the pH of the aqueous layer causes compounds to move into different layers.

Question 15

How do you perform a liquid/liquid extraction?

Answer 15

Add an organic layer and aqueous layer to the separating funnel Add a base to make the carboxylic acid a salt

Question 16

Are molecular compounds organic soluble?

Answer 16

No.

Question 17

Can amides become protonated?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Will acetic acid spontaneously ionise in water?

Answer 18

Yes.

Question 19

Draw the structure of a carboxylate ion

Answer 19