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MYNASM > Chapter 3-The Cardiorespiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 3-The Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

A system of the body composed of the lungs and respiratory passageways that collects oxygen from the external environmental and transports it to the blood stream

A

Respiratory system

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3
Q

What is the main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

A

Cardio muscle is involuntary and cannot be consciously controlled

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4
Q

Referred to as the pacemaker of the heart; responsible for rhythmic contraction of the myocardial cells

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

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5
Q

Structure of the heart that delays the contraction impulse before sending it to the ventricles

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

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6
Q

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

A

Right atrium

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7
Q

Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricles

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8
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the lung

A

Left atrium

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9
Q

Sends oxygenated blood to the body

A

Left ventricle

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10
Q

Smaller, superiorly located chambers that gather blood returning to the heart

A

Atria

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11
Q

Larger, inferiorly located chambers that pump blood out of the heart

A

Ventricles

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12
Q

What separates the chambers of the heart and major arteries and veins & prevents backflow

A

Valves

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13
Q

Amount of blood pumped with each contraction

A

Stroke volume

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14
Q

The rate at which the heart beats

A

Heart rate (pulse)

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15
Q

What is the average resting heart rate for an untrained adult

A

70-80 BPM

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16
Q

Cells suspended in plasma containing glucose, hormones, and clotting agents

A

Blood

17
Q

What are 3 types of blood cells?

A

Red blood cells (oxygen), white blood cells (immune system), platelets (clotting)

18
Q

What are 3 functions of blood?

A

Transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products; regulate body temperature, pH, and cellular water content; protects against blood loss by clotting, and fights foreign and toxins

19
Q

Closed circuit of hollow tubes that transport blood to and from the heart

A

Blood vessels

20
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries (carries blood away from the heart), capillaries (exchange sites of water and chemicals in tissues), and veins (carries blood back to the heart)

21
Q

What is the resting heart rate of an average adult?

A

70-80 BPM

22
Q

The airway, lungs, and respiratory muscles that work together to move oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out

A

Respiratory (pulmonary) system

23
Q

What are the 2 phases of breathing?

A

Inspiration and Expiration

24
Q

Active contraction of muscles to increase thoracic cavity volume; thus, decreasing intrapulmonary pressure and drawing air into the lungs

A

Inspiratory ventilation

25
Q

Active or passive contraction of muscles, causing inspiratory muscles to relax and air to move out of the body

A

Expiratory ventilation

26
Q

What are the primary muscles used during light breathing?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals

27
Q

What are the secondary respiratory muscles used for heavy breathing?

A

Scalenes, pectoralis minor

28
Q

Location where gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide travel in and out of the blood stream

A

Alveoli

29
Q

What is the typical resting oxygen consumption for healthy adults- aka 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)

A

3.5 mL per kg of bodyweight per minute

30
Q

The best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness: the highest rate of oxygen transportation and utilization during maximal effort exercise

A

Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max)

31
Q

What is a way to predict VO2max without expensive lab equipment?

A

Submaximal exercise tests, such as the Rockport walk test and step test

32
Q

What are the consequences to poor breathing patterns?

A

Headaches, increased anxiety, fatigue, poor sleep, poor circulation

MYNASM (19 decks)

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