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Food and Nutrition 1030 > Lecture 1 - Overview of Nutrition > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Overview of Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are ways in which people chose what, where and when to eat?

A 
Preferences (taste)
Habit
Tradition
Social Interactions
availability
Convenience
Economy
\+/- associations
Emotions
Values
Body Weight/Image
Health Benefits
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2
Q

What are nutrients?

A

The chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agent to support growth, maintenance, and repair of the body tissues

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3
Q

What are the Macronutrients (energy yielding)?

A

Carbs
Fats
Protein

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4
Q

What are the Micronutrients?

A

Vitamins
Minerals
Water

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5
Q

What are the organic nutrients?

A

Carbs
Fat
Protein
Vitamins

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6
Q

What are the inorganic nutrients?

A

Minerals

Water

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7
Q

What is the energy yield for each macronutrient?

A

Carbs and protein is 4kcal/g

Fat 9kcal/g

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8
Q

What is energy density?

A

g per g and bite for bite, foods with a high energy density deliver more calories/g

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9
Q

What does the body use the energy yielding nutrients for?

A

Fuel - support body activities

Raw materials for building the body tissues and regulating activities

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10
Q

What many vitamins are there?

A

13 essential organic vitamins

-mix of fat and water soluble

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11
Q

Why do we need vitamins?

A

Support the production of energy

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12
Q

What is the downfall with vitamins?

A

They are vulnerable to destruction

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13
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A D E K

  • dissolve easily in fats and oils
  • can be accumulated and stored in the body
  • serious deficiencies
  • found in meats, dairy, veggie oils, nuts, seeds and fatty fish
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14
Q

What are water soluble vitamins?

A

C B’s

  • stay dissolved in water
  • extra secreted as urine
  • not stored in bodies
  • abundant in many foods
  • sensitive to cooking and storage practices
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15
Q

What are minerals?

A

Inorganic substances required for body processes

  • Na, Ca, Fe, K, Mg
  • unaffected by digestion, all maintain their structure no matter what environment they are in
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16
Q

What are some mineral functions?

A

Fluid regulation
Bone structure
Muscle movement
Nerve functioning

17
Q

What are the 2 types of minerals we consume?

A

Major and Trace minerals

18
Q

What are major minerals?

A

Bodies require at least 100mg/day

  • Amount present in the body is greater than ~5000mg
  • Ca P Mg Na K Cl
  • meats, dairy, fresh fruit and veggies, nuts
19
Q

What are Trace minerals?

A

Body requires less than 100mg/day

  • Amount present in the body is less than 5000mg
  • Fe Zn Cu Mg Se I F Cr
  • meats, dairy, fresh fruit and veggies, nuts
20
Q

How many mineral are essential?

A

16

-none are energy yielding

21
Q

Why is water important in our body?

A

Medium for all of life processes

Participating in metabolic reactions

Transporting nutrients to cells and waste away from cells

22
Q

What are the DRI’s?

A

Dietary Reference Intakes

23
Q

What is the EAR?

A

Estimated average requirements

-the amount that covers 1/2 the population

24
Q

Whats is the RDA?

A

Recommended Dietary Allowances

-Set well above the EAR covering about 98% of the population

25
Q

What is the AI?

A

Adequate intakes

  • Point that lies within a range of appropriate and reasonable intakes between toxicity and deficiency
  • High enough to provide reserves in times of short term dietary inadequacies but not so high to reach toxicity
26
Q

What is the UL?

A

Tolerable upper intake levels

27
Q

What is the EER?

A

Estimated Energy Requirement

  • average dietary energy intake to maintain energy balance
  • based on healthy body weight and physical activity
  • no UL
28
Q

What is AMDR?

A

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges

  • 45-65% kcal from carbs
  • 20-35% kcal from fat
  • 10-35% kcal from protein
29
Q

How are the nutrient recommendations used?

A
  • Estimates apply to HEALTHY people
  • RECOMMENDATIONS are for the majority of people
  • Achieve goals via FOOD
  • Estimates apply to AVERAGE daily intakes
  • Each has a UNIQUE purpose

Food and Nutrition 1030 (20 decks)

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