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Food and Nutrition 1030 > Lecture 11 - Water and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Water and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Who has the most water in the body?

A

Children 65%
Adults 60%
Seniors 55%

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2
Q

Where does most water reside in the body?

A

3/4 lean tissue

< 1/4 fat tissue

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3
Q

What groups have the smallest portion of water?

A

Females
Obese individuals
Elderly

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4
Q

Why do females have less water than males?

A

Females have more fat around the hips and thighs. Fat carries less water. Males typically have less fat and more lean muscle which has higher water content

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5
Q

What are some of waters body functions?

A
  • Carries nutrient and waste
  • Maintains structures of large molecules
  • Metabolic reactions
  • Solvent
  • Lubricant
  • Temp regulation
  • Maintains blood volume
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6
Q

What is the difference between Extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid?

A

Extra: outs of the cell (including inter)

Inter: between cells

Intra: within cell

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7
Q

What is the AI for men and women for total water?

A

Men: 3.7L/day

Women: 2.7L/day

-both include food and liquids

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8
Q

What controls water intake?

A

The hypothalamus

  • recognizes concentrated blood and signals thirst
  • recognizes distention of stomach and decreases thirst
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9
Q

What is the first and second signs of dehydration?

A

1- Thirst

2-Weaknes, exhaustion, delirium

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of water intoxication?

A

Confusion, convulsions, death

Hyponatremia

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11
Q

What is hyponatremia?

A

Low Na levels in the blood

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12
Q

What happens when cells are thirsty?

A

Water from the blood goes to the cells, concentrating the blood. This also constricts blood vessels everywhere, when this happens around the mouth no saliva is produced

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13
Q

Where do we lose water from and in what order in terms of L?

A

Kidneys
Skin
Lungs
GI

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14
Q

What is the amount of water we have to lose and why?

A

500ml has to be lost for waste excretion

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15
Q

What is insensible water loss?

A

Water we don’t think of losing

-from skin and lungs

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16
Q

What is the difference between hard and soft water?

A

Hard –> Higher in Ca

Soft–> Higher in Na

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17
Q

What are some health effects of water?

A

Meet body fluid needs

Protect against urinary stones and constipation

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18
Q

What is the fluid balance of cells?

A

2/3 fluid inside the cell

1/3 outside

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19
Q

How do you control the movement of water?

A

Cant control the movement of water but we use electrolytes to control the water movement
-electrolytes attract water

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20
Q

What are the 3 Kidney hormones?

A

Antidiuretic hormone
Renin
Angiotensen

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21
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Prevents you from losing water, stimulates kidneys reabsorption of water

22
Q

What does renin do?

A

Tells kidneys to bring back Na into the body

23
Q

What does angiotensin do?

A

Constricts blood vessels

24
Q

What us used in the kidneys and GI to regulate electrolyte balance?

A

The Na/K pump

  • 3 Na out
  • 2 K in
25
Q

What causes fluid and electrolyte imbalances?

A
  • Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
  • Heavy sweating
  • Burns and traumatic wounds
  • Meds
26
Q

How does water regulate the acid-base balance int he body?

A

Helps to maintain the # of H+ ions

-kidneys and lungs do this too

27
Q

What is a normal pH range?

A

7.35-7.45

28
Q

What common form of Na do we consume?

A 
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
-used to preserve and enhance taste. *but not always in the form of NaCla
29
Q

Which is worse, Na or salt?

A

Salt is worse in terms of the side effects

30
Q

What is Sodium used for?

A

Fluid balance
Acid base balance
Nerve transmission
Muscle Contraction

31
Q

What is the UL for Na meant for?

A

To protect against high blood pressure because we are rarely lacking in Na in our diet

32
Q

What is salt sensitivity?

A

After consuming Na, the blood pressure increases but then goes down. A sensitivity would take longer for the BP to go down

33
Q

How many people will develop hypertension from consuming too much Na?

A

Only 5%

-most likely to be men because they consume more on average and therefore consume more Na

34
Q

What is one diet that can prevent hypertension?

A

DASH Diet

  • dietary approaches to stop hypertension
  • basically Canadas food guide, emphasizing high fruit and veggie, whole grains low fat
35
Q

Where is most of the Na in food found?

A

75% Processed
10% occurring naturally within foods
15% Na we use at the table

36
Q

Can you be deficient in Na?

A

You can but it is rare

-Symptoms: Vomiting, heavy sweating, diarrhea, hyponatremia

37
Q

Can you get Na toxicity?

A

Short term Na toxicity: deem

Long term: possibility of hypertension

38
Q

What is Cl involved in?

A

Helps with a lot of things Na does

  • fluid and electrolyte balance
  • moves passively through membrane
39
Q

Where can you find Cl

A

In a lot of foods, sometimes consumed as a part of salt

40
Q

Can you get Cl toxicity or become deficient?

A

Both are rare

-deficiency can happen with extended vomiting

41
Q

What is K involved in?

A

Same functions as Na

  • fluid and electrolyte balance
  • nerve transmission and muscle contraction
42
Q

What is the trade off between Na and K?

A

We need more K in our diet than Na but we usually consume more Na than K because they are found together in most foods but in processed foods there is more Na than K

43
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Low K + High Na = High Blood pressure

44
Q

Can you get K toxicity or be deficient?

A

Both are rare

-Toxicity due to meds or diseases but not from not getting enough

45
Q

Where do you find most P?

A

85% in bones, a little but inside the cell

46
Q

What form does P appear in the body?

A

Phosphate (PO4 3-)

47
Q

Roles of P?

A
  • Starts and stops enzymes
  • Part of DNA and RNA
  • Part of bilayer
  • ATP
48
Q

What foods are P in?

A

Foods that have protein, it will most likely have P as well

49
Q

What are the 3 kinds of heat illnesses?

A

Heat Cramp
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Stroke

50
Q

What is the second most abundant electrolyte in the body?

A

Phosphorus

Food and Nutrition 1030 (20 decks)

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